Principles of Chemical Engineering Practice

GEORGE DeLANCEY, PhD, is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at Stevens Institute of Technology. He has more than forty years experience in chemical engineering education, having taught process analysis and process control in the undergraduate school. He has twice been the recipient of the Outstanding Teacher Award at Stevens. He has served as Senior Academic Advisor to the International Programs Office at Stevens with curriculum development responsibilities in gas and plastics engineering and technology programs at the Algerian Petroleum Institute. Dr. DeLancey has more than thirty publications in the areas of multicomponent mass and energy transfer with chemical reaction, interfacial mass and energy transfer in gas–liquid systems, and chemical engineering education and assessment.

• PREFACE xixPART I MACROSCOPIC VIEW 11 Chemical Process Perspective 31.1 Some Basic Concepts in Chemical Processing, 31.2 Acrylic Acid Production, 51.3 Biocatalytic Processes—Enzymatic Systems, 211.4 Basic Database, 24Problems, 262 Macroscopic Mass Balances 282.1 Chemical Processing Systems, 282.2 Steady-State Mass Balances Without Chemical Reactions, 372.3 Steady-State Mass Balances with Single Chemical Reactions, 412.4 Steady-State Mass Balances with Multiple Chemical Reactions, 463 Macroscopic Energy and Entropy Balances 533.1 Basic Thermodynamic Functions, 533.2 Evaluation of H and S for Pure Materials, 553.3 Evaluation of H and S Functions for Mixtures, 593.4 Energy Flows and the First Law, 623.5 Energy Balances Without Reaction, 643.6 Energy Balances with Reaction-Ideal Solution, 703.7 Entropy Balances, 774 Macroscopic Momentum and Mechanical Energy Balances 864.1 Momentum Balance, 864.2 Mechanical Energy Balance, 884.3 Applications to Incompressible Flow Systems, 895 Completely Mixed Systems—Equipment Considerations 955.1 Mixing and Residence Time Distributions—Definitions, 955.2 Measurement and Interpretation of Residence Time Distributions, 975.3 Basic Aspects of Stirred Tank Design, 996 Separation and Reaction Processes in Completely Mixed Systems 1076.1 Phase Equilibrium: Single-Stage Separation Operations, 1076.2 Gas–Liquid Operations, 1096.3 Flash Vaporization, 1336.4 Liquid–Liquid Extraction, 1456.5 Adsorption, 1516.6 Single-Phase Stirred Tank Reactors, 1596.7 Chemical Reaction Equilibrium, 174PART II MICROSCOPIC VIEW 1817 Multistage Separation and Reactor Operations 1837.1 Absorption and Stripping, 1837.2 Distillation, 2007.3 Liquid–Liquid Extraction, 2217.4 Multiple Reactor Stages, 2357.5 Staged Fixed-Bed Converters for Exothermic Gas Phase Reaction, 2388 Microscopic Equations of Change 2438.1 Mass Flux: Average Velocities and Diffusion, 2448.2 Momentum Flux: Stress Tensor, 2498.3 Energy Flux: Conduction, 2508.4 Balance Equations, 2518.5 Entropy Balance and Flux Expressions, 2548.6 Turbulence, 2658.7 Application of Balance Equations, 2699 Nonturbulent Isothermal Momentum Transfer 2769.1 Rectangular Models, 2769.2 Cylindrical Systems, 2809.3 Spherical Systems, 2879.4 Microfluidics—Gas Phase Systems, 28910 Nonturbulent Isothermal Mass Transfer 29610.1 Membranes, 29610.2 Diffusion Models for Porous Solids, 30710.3 Heterogeneous Catalysis, 31110.4 Transient Adsorption by Porous Solid, 31610.5 Diffusion with Laminar Flow, 31811 Energy Transfer Under Nonturbulent Conditions 32411.1 Conduction in Solids–Composite Walls, 32511.2 Thermal Effects in Porous Catalysts, 32711.3 Heat Transfer to Falling Film—Short Contact Times, 33011.4 Moving Boundary Problem, 33212 Isothermal Mass Transfer Under Turbulent Conditions 33512.1 Intraphase Mass Transfer Coefficients, 33512.2 Interphase Mass Transfer Coefficients—Controlling Resistances, 33812.3 Measurement and Correlation of Mass Transfer Coefficients, 33912.4 Fixed Beds, 34212.5 Pipes, 34512.7 Packed Towers—Gas Absorption, 34912.8 Applification of Experimental Mass Transfer Coefficients, 35713 Interphase Momentum Transfer Under Turbulent Conditions 36713.1 Pressure Drop in Conduits and Fixed Beds, 36813.2 Flow Over Submerged Spheres, 37614 Interphase Energy Transfer Under Turbulent Conditions 38414.1 Heat Transfer Coefficients—Analogy with Mass Transfer, 38414.2 Heat Exchangers, 38514.3 Multi-Tubular Catalytic Reactors, 39515 Microscopic to Macroscopic 40015.1 Macroscopic Mass Balance, 40015.2 Macroscopic Energy Balance, 40115.3 Macroscopic Mechanical Energy Balance, 402APPENDIX A PERIODIC TABLE 405APPENDIX B CONVERSION FACTORS 406APPENDIX C PARTIAL DATABASE FOR ACRYLIC ACID PROCESS 409APPENDIX D SOME MATHEMATICAL RESULTS 414APPENDIX E MASS BALANCE IN CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES AND LAMINAR FLOW IN Z DIRECTION 418NOMENCLATURE 419REFERENCES 423INDEX 427

“The author, a professor emeritus of chemical engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology, guides readers step by step through the execution of both chemical process analysis and equipment design, allowing readers to master such chemical engineering operations and equipment as separators, reactors, heat exchangers, and more.”  (Chemical Engineering Progress, 1 September 2013)