Pressure Transients in Water Engineering

A guide to analysis and interpretation of behaviour

Inbunden, Engelska, 2008

2 669 kr

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This book starts with an explanation of the phenomenon of pressure transients and how they may arise. It then gives an analysis of the constraints on the magnitude of transient pressures and the need for surge alleviation measures. Equations describing transient motion in pipelines are shown in a straight-forward manner and these are used to introduce the reader to some practical methods of computer analysis in use today. Case studies and assessments of systems and equipment.The author examines a range of case studies involving different types of systems and the types of surge suppression equipment which may be suited to each. Chapters are devoted to various aspects of pipelines which can have a bearing upon pressure transient behaviour. These include flexible pipeline systems and more complicated networks that involve branching and looped pipelines. The presence of air or gas within a system is also dealt with along with considerations for the development of persistent oscillations. Practical, descriptive and enlightening.This practical book provides an indepth analysis of actual systems, with emphasis on the type of hydraulic transient behaviour to be expected in each kind of configuration. Mathematical treatment is covered in a straightforward manner without the need to rely on advanced mathematical skills. Thus, the descriptive nature of this book allows the reader to understand behaviour without constant reference to equations.Due to his extensive experience and insight, the author highlights various pitfalls and provides ideas on when the physical extent of a study can be truncated. Where possible simplified equations are presented to enable rapid assessment of surge equipment capacities – such as those used for pressure vessels, feeder tanks and buffer tanks.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2008-03-27
Mått156 x 234 x 36 mm
Vikt934 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor560
FörlagEmerald Publishing Limited
ISBN9780727735928

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Introduction.1. Motivation for Hydraulic Transient Analysis.Primary Purpose of Analysis.Secondary Objectives.Permitted Pressures.Maximum Pressures.Pipe Materials.Rigid Pipes.Grey Cast Iron.Asbestos Cement.Concrete Pipes.Flexible Pipes.Ductile Iron.Steel Pipe.Overpressure Allowance.Pipe Linings for Rigid & Flexible Pipes.Bitumen.Coal Tar Enamel.Coal Tar Epoxy Lining.Cement Mortar.Paint Systems.Polyethylene Lining.Plastic Pipes.Thermosetting Plastics.Thermoplastics.Failure Modes of Pipes.Maximum Pressure & Allowable Amplitude of Surge in Plastic Pipes.Minimum Pressures.2. Derivation of Basic Equations.2.1 The Rigid-Column Approach.2.2 Compressible Flow Theory.2.2.1 Conservation of Force.2.2.2 Conservation of Mass.2.2.3 Compressible Flow Equations in Termsof Total Head `H’.3. Interpretation of `a’.Fluid Properties.Influence of the Conduit Wall.Simple Expression for `a’.Variation of `a’ with Conduit Shape.Influence of Gas on `a’.3.6 The Effect of Sewage.4. Characteristic Equations.Development of Characteristic Equations.Significance of the Integrals.Effect of Changing Pipe Elevation.Pipeline Resistance.Corrosion.Sliming.Evaluation of the Integral.5. Application of Characteristic Equations.Use of the Characteristics.“Natural” Characteristic Mesh.Using Variable Wavespeed `a’.Use of a Larger Time Step.Use of a Fixed Wavespeed.Distribution of Free Gas along the Pipeline.Model Output.6. Boundaries.Types of Boundaries.Reservoirs and Tanks.Branches & Changes in Pipe Properties.Specific Cases – number of pipes = 1.Specific Cases – change of cross-sectional area.Response of a Large Pipe or Trunk Main.Actuated Valves & Pipeline Fittings.Terminal Valves.In-line Valve.Automatic Control Valves.Pressure Reducing Valve.Pressure Sustaining Valve.Demand Sensing Pressure Reducing Valve.Use of More then One Time Step.Non-reflecting Boundary.Other Bifurcation Conditions.Bifurcation with Operating Valves.Isolating Valves.Continuous Drawoff.7. Valve Closure in a Simplified System.Instantaneous Valve Closure at t = 0.From 0