Practical Cardiovascular Medicine

Häftad, Engelska, 2022

Av Elias B. Hanna, USA) Hanna, Elias B. (Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, Elias B Hanna

1 639 kr

Beställningsvara. Skickas inom 7-10 vardagar

Fri frakt för medlemmar vid köp för minst 249 kr.

Providing a complete but succinct overview of the information cardiologists and cardiology trainees need to have at their fingertips, Practical Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Edition is an everyday primary guide to the specialty. Provides cardiologists with a thorough and up-to-date review of cardiology, from pathophysiology to practical, evidence-based management Ably synthesizes pathophysiology fundamentals and evidence-based approaches to prepare a physician for a subspecialty career in cardiology Clinical chapters cover coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular disorders, pericardial disorders, congenital heart disease, and peripheral arterial disease Practical chapters address ECG, coronary angiography, catheterization techniques, echocardiography, hemodynamics, and electrophysiological testing Includes over 730 figures, key notes boxes, references for further study, and coverage of clinical trials Review questions help clarify topics and can be used for Board preparation - over 650 questions in allThe Second Edition has been comprehensively updated with the newest data and with both the American and European guidelines. More specifically, 20 clinical chapters have been rewritten and extensively revised. Procedural chapters have been enhanced with additional concepts and illustrations, particularly the hemodynamic and catheterization chapters. Clinical questions have been revamped, new questions have been added, including a new, 259-question section at the end of the book. Practical Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Edition is an ideal reference for the resident, fellow, cardiologist, and any professional treating patients with cardiovascular disease.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2022-03-31
Mått216 x 274 x 46 mm
Vikt2 631 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor992
Upplaga2
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781119832706

Tillhör följande kategorier

Hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar inom Medicin

Preface xxAbbreviations xxiAbout the Companion Website xxivPart 1. Coronary Artery Disease 11. Non- ST- Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome 1I. Definition types of myocardial infarction and pitfalls 1II. Clinical features ECG cardiac biomarkers and echocardiography in ACS 6III. Initial approach to acute chest pain presentations and the use of conventional and high- sensitivity troponins 8IV. Management of NSTEMI 10V. General procedural management after coronary angiography: PCI CABG or medical therapy only 14VI. Discharge medications in NSTEMI 14VII. Prognosis 17Appendix 1. Complex angiographic disease- Moderate disease progression 17Appendix 2. Women and ACS elderly patients and ACS CKD 18Appendix 3. Bleeding transfusion patients on chronic warfarin or NOAC gastrointestinal bleed 19Appendix 4. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy 20Appendix 5. Difference between plaque rupture and plaque erosion 23Appendix 6. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection 23Appendix 7. Harmful effects of NSAIDs and cyclooxygenase- 2 inhibitors in CAD 25Appendix 8. Additional ideas on the physiology of hs- troponin- Role of hs- troponin in primary prevention 25Questions and answers 252. ST- Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 381. Definition reperfusion and general management 39I. Definition 39II. Timing of reperfusion 39III. ECG phases of STEMI 402. Stemi Complications 50I. Cardiogenic shock 50II. Mechanical complications 53III. Recurrent infarction and ischemia 55Appendix 1. Out- of- hospital cardiac arrest: role of early coronary angiography and therapeutic hypothermia 60Questions and answers 623. Stable Ischemic Heart Disease and Approach to Chronic Chest Pain 74I. Causes of angina and pathophysiology of coronary flow 74II. Diagnostic approach 75III. Silent myocardial ischemia. Is there a role for screening asymptomatic patients and post- PCI patients? 78Appendix 1. Notes on various surgical grafts 86Appendix 2. Coronary vasospasm (variant angina Prinzmetal angina) 88Appendix 3. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction 90Appendix 4. Women with chest pain and normal coronary arteries 90Appendix 5. Diagnostic strategy for ischemia with non- obstructed coronary arteries (INOCA) 91Appendix 6. Myocardial bridging 91Appendix 7. Coronary collaterals chronic total occlusion 92Appendix 8. Hibernation stunning ischemic preconditioning 92Questions and answers 93Part 2. Heart Failure (Chronic and Acute Heart Failure Specific Cardiomyopathies and Pathophysiology) 1034. Heart Failure 103Definition Types Causes and Diagnosis of Heart Failure 1041. Definition and types of heart failure 104I. Heart failure is diagnosed clinically not by echocardiography 104II. After HF is defined clinically echocardiography is used to differentiate the three major types of HF 105III. Two additional types of HF 1072. Causes of heart failure 107I. Systolic HF or HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) 107II. HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) 108III. Right HF 1103. Diagnostic tests 110I. Echocardiography 110II. BNP 111III. ECG 112IV. Coronary angiography and other ischemic tests 112Chronic Treatment of Heart Failure 1131. Treatment of systolic heart failure 113I. Treat the underlying etiology: target BP and CAD 113II. Value of revascularization in ischemic cardiomyopathy: STICH trial 1132. Treatment of HFpEF 124Acute Heart Failure and Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure 126I. Triggers of acute decompensation 126II. Profiles of acute HF: congestion without low cardiac output congestion with low cardiac output 127Appendix 1. Management of isolated or predominant RV failure 135Questions and answers 1385. Additional Heart Failure Topics 1561. Specific cardiomyopathies 156I. Arrhythmia- induced cardiomyopathy 156II. Viral myocarditis 1572. Advanced heart failure: heart transplant and ventricular assist devices 163I. Stages of HF 163II. Cardiac transplantation 1633. Pathophysiology of heart failure and hemodynamic aspects 166I. LV diastolic pressure in normal conditions and in HF (whether systolic or diastolic) 166II. Definition of afterload 167Questions and answers 173Part 3. Valvular Disorders 1816. Valvular Disorders 1811. Mitral regurgitation 182I. Mechanisms of mitral regurgitation 182II. Specifics of various causes of mitral regurgitation 1822. Mitral stenosis 192I. Etiology and natural history 192II. Diagnosis 193III. Treatment 1973. Aortic insufficiency 199I. Etiology 199II. Pathophysiology and hemodynamics 200III. Diagnosis 2004. Aortic stenosis 203I. Etiology 203II. Echo and catheterization diagnosis pitfalls and hemodynamics 2045. Tricuspid regurgitation and stenosis 213I. Etiology of tricuspid regurgitation 213II. Natural history of TR 2156. Pulmonic stenosis and regurgitation 216I. Pulmonic stenosis 216II. Pulmonic regurgitation 2167. Mixed valvular disease; radiation heart disease 217I. Mixed single- valve disease 217II. Multiple valvular involvement (combined stenosis or regurgitation of two different valves) 217III. Radiation heart disease 2178. Prosthetic valves 218I. Bioprosthesis versus mechanical prosthesis 218II. Determinants of valve degeneration and valve thrombosis; anticoagulation guidelines 218III. Particular cases: women who wish to become pregnant and dialysis patients 220IV. Echocardiographic follow- up of prosthetic valves 221V. Complications 2219. Auscultation and summary ideas 223I. Auscultation and other physical findings 223II. General ideas and workup 226Questions and answers 227Part 4. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 2437. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 243I. Definition and features of HCM 243II. Natural history and mortality 245III. Symptoms and ECG 246Questions and answers 253Part 5. Arrhythmias and Electrophysiology 2578. Approach to Narrow and Wide QRS Complex Tachyarrhythmias 257I. The unstable patient 257II. Initial approach to any tachycardia 2579. Ventricular Arrhythmias: Types and Management Sudden Cardiac Death 274I. Premature ventricular complexes 274II. Ventricular tachycardia 276III. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 278Questions and answers 28810. Atrial Fibrillation 294I. Predisposing factors 294II. Types of AF 295III. General therapy of AF 295X. AF burden as a correlate and a driver of HF progression 303Appendix 1. Optimal heart rate and AF rate for optimal cardiac output 303Appendix 2. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy 303Appendix 3. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation surgical ablation AV nodal ablation 305Appendix 4. INR follow- up in patients receiving warfarin- Non- vitamin K oral anticoagulants 306Appendix 5. Bridging anticoagulation in patients undergoing procedures 308Appendix 6. Management of elevated INR values 309Appendix 7. Left atrial appendage surgical and percutaneous closure 309Appendix 8. A common situation: AF and symptomatic pauses or bradycardia 309Appendix 9. DC cardioversion in patients with a slow ventricular response 310Appendix 10. AF occurring post- cardiac surgery and AF related to acute transient triggers 310Appendix 11. Brief asymptomatic runs of AF on device interrogation and association with stroke. Role of rhythm monitoring after cryptogenic stroke 310Questions and answers 31111. Atrial Flutter and Atrial Tachycardia 319I. Atrial flutter 319II. Focal atrial tachycardia 322III. Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) (or chaotic atrial tachycardia) 325Questions and answers 32612. Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia Atrioventricular Reciprocating Tachycardia Wolff–Parkinson– White Syndrome and Junctional Rhythms 329I. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) 329II. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) 329III. Atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) and Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome 332Questions and answers 34213. Bradyarrhythmias 345I. AV block 345II. Sinus node dysfunction 354Questions and answers 35914. Permanent Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator 363I. Indications for permanent pacemaker implantation 363II. Types of cardiac rhythm devices 363Appendix. Cases of PM troubleshooting 381Questions and answers 38615. Basic Electrophysiologic Study 390I. General concepts; intracardiac electrograms 390II. AV conduction abnormalities 39016. Action Potential Features and Propagation: Mechanisms of Arrhythmias Antiarrhythmic Drugs 403I. Action potential 403II. Action potential propagation and mechanisms of arrhythmias 403Part 6. Pericardial Disorders 41117. Pericardial Disorders 4111. Acute pericarditis 412I. Causes of acute pericarditis 412II. History and physical findings 4122. Tamponade 414I. Definition 414II. Pathophysiology and hemodynamics 4143. Pericardial effusion 417I. Causes of a pericardial effusion with or without tamponade 417II. Management of asymptomatic effusions and role of pericardiocentesis 4184. Constrictive pericarditis 421I. Causes 421II. Pathophysiology and hemodynamics 421Questions and answers 429Part 7. Congenital Heart Disease 43518. Congenital Heart Disease 4351. Acyanotic congenital heart disease 435I. Atrial septal defect (ASD) 435II. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) 4392. Cyanotic congenital heart disease 444I. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to shunt 444II. Tetralogy of Fallot 4453. More complex cyanotic congenital heart disease and shunt procedures 447I. Functionally single ventricle and Fontan procedure 447II. Transposition of great arteries (TGA) 449Questions and answers 452Part 8. Peripheral Arterial Disease 45719. Peripheral Arterial Disease 4571. Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease 457I. Clinical tips 458II. Clinical classification of PAD: critical limb ischemia acute limb ischemia atheroembolization 4592. Carotid disease 466I. Assessment of carotid stenosis 466II. Medical therapy of carotid stenosis 4673. Renal artery stenosis 469I. Forms of renal artery stenosis 469II. Screening and indications to revascularize renal artery stenosis 469III. Notes 470Questions and answers 47020. Aortic Diseases 476I. Aortic dissection 476II. Thoracic aortic aneurysm 480III. Abdominal aortic aneurysm 484Part 9. Other Cardiovascular Disease States 48721. Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis 4871. Pulmonary embolism 487I. Presentation of pulmonary embolism and risk factors 487II. Probability of PE 488III. Initial workup 4882. Deep vein thrombosis 494I. Types 494II. Diagnosis 4943. Immune heparin- induced thrombocytopenia 494I. Incidence 495II. Diagnosis 495Questions and answers 49522. Shock and Fluid Responsiveness 4991. Shock 499I. Shock definition and mechanisms 499II. Goals of shock treatment 5002. Fluid Responsiveness 503Appendix. Hemodynamic equations transfusion and miscellaneous concepts 505Questions and answers 50723. Hypertension 5111. Hypertension 511I. Definition 511II. ACC and ESC targets of therapy and rationale 5122. Acute severe hypertension: hypertensive emergencies and urgencies 521I. Definitions 521II. Treatment of hypertensive emergencies 521Questions and answers 52324. Dyslipidemia 529I. Indications for therapy 529II. Notes on LDL HDL and triglycerides 530Questions and answers 53425. Pulmonary Hypertension 538I. Definition 538II. Categories of PH 538Questions and answers 54326. Syncope 547I. Neurally mediated syncope (reflex syncope) 547II. Orthostatic hypotension and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 548III. Cardiac syncope 549Questions and answers 55627. Chest Pain Dyspnea Palpitations 5611. Chest Pain 561I. Causes 561II. Features 5622. Acute Dyspnea 564I. Causes 564II. Notes 565III. Management 5663. Palpitations 567I. Causes 567II. Diagnosis 56728. Infective Endocarditis and Cardiac Rhythm Device Infections 5701. Infective endocarditis 570I. Clinical diagnosis 570II. Echocardiography: timing and indications 570III. Organisms 5712. Cardiac rhythm device infections 574I. Organisms and mechanisms of infection 574II. Diagnosis 57429. Preoperative Cardiac Evaluation 577I. Steps in preoperative evaluation 578II. Surgical risk: surgery’s risk and patient’s risk 578III. CARP and DECREASE V trials 579Questions and answers 58130. Miscellaneous Cardiac Topics: Cardiac Masses and Tumors Pregnancy HIV and Heart Disease Cocaine and the Heart Chemotherapy and Heart Disease Chest X‐Ray 5841. Cardiac masses 585I. Differential diagnosis of a cardiac mass 585II. Cardiac tumors; focus on atrial myxoma 5852. Pregnancy and heart disease 586I. High‐risk cardiac conditions during which pregnancy is better avoided 587II. Cardiac conditions that are usually well tolerated during pregnancy but in which careful cardiac evaluation and clinical and echo follow‐up are warranted 5873. HIV and heart disease 590I. Pericardial disease 5904. Cocaine and the heart 590I. Myocardial ischemia 590II. Other cardiac complications of cocaine 5915. Chemotherapy and heart disease 591I. Cardiomyopathy 591II. Myocardial ischemia 5926. Chest X‐ray 593I. Chest X‐ray in heart failure 593II. Various forms of cardiomegaly 594Questions and answers 596Part 10. Cardiac Tests: Electrocardiography Echocardiography and Stress Testing 60131. Electrocardiography 601I. Overview of ECG leads and QRS morphology 601II. Stepwise approach to ECG interpretation 604III. Rhythm and rate 605Appendix 1. Supplement on STEMI and Q‐wave MI: phases and localization 653Appendix 2. Spread of electrical depolarization in various disease states using vector illustration 658Questions and answers 65932. Echocardiography 6661. General echocardiography 666I. The five major echocardiographic views and the myocardial wall segments 666II. Global echo assessment of cardiac function and structure 666III. Doppler and assessment of valvular regurgitation and stenosis 6762. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) views 703Appendix. Note on LV mechanics and myocardial tissue strain 71333. Stress Testing Nuclear Imaging Coronary CT Angiography cardiac MRI cardiopulmonary exercise testing 714I. Indications for stress testing 714II. Contraindications to all stress testing modalities 715III. Stress testing modalities 715Part 11 Cardiac Tests: Invasive Coronary and Cardiac Procedures 73334. Angiographic Views: Coronary Arteries and Grafts Left Ventricle Aorta Coronary Anomalies Peripheral Arteries Carotid Arteries 733I. Right coronary artery 733II. Left coronary artery 734III. Coronary angiography views. Recognize the angle of a view: LAO vs. RAO cranial vs. caudal 735Questions and answers 76535. Cardiac Catheterization Techniques Tips and Tricks 768I. View for the engagement of the native coronary arteries: RAO vs. LAO 768II. Design of the Judkins and Amplatz catheters 768III. Engagement of the RCA 76836. Hemodynamics 790I. Right heart catheter 790II. Overview of pressure tracings: differences between atrial ventricular and arterial tracings 790III. RA pressure abnormalities 790Appendix 1. Advanced hemodynamic calculation: a case of shunt with pulmonary hypertension 808Questions and answers: Additional hemodynamic cases 80937. Intracoronary Imaging 8151. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) 815I. Image basics 815II. Plaque types 8182. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) 82338. Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Complications Intra‐Aortic Balloon Pump Ventricular Assist Devices and Fractional Flow Reserve 826I. Major coronary interventional devices 826II. Stent thrombosis restenosis and neoatherosclerosis 828III. Peri‐PCI antithrombotic therapy 830Questions and answers 845Appendix: General review questions 8511. Questions 851I. NSTEMI and STEMI 851II. Stable CAD 855III. Heart failure and cardiomyopathies 8582. Answers 901Index 931