Polymer Morphology

Qipeng Guo, DSc, DEng, is the chair professor in polymer science and technology at Deakin University, Australia, where he was awarded a Personal Chair in recognition of his distinguished achievements and international reputation in polymer research,  involving both the fundamental principles in polymer science and the development of new polymer materials. He is a Fellow of The Royal Society of Chemistry.

• Preface xiiiList of Contributors xvPart I Principles and Methods of Characterization 11 Overview and Prospects of Polymer Morphology 3Jerold M. Schultz1.1 Introductory Remarks 31.2 Experimental Avenues of Morphological Research 41.3 Modeling and Simulation 81.4 Wishful Thinking 111.5 Summary 112 X-ray Diffraction from Polymers 14N. Sanjeeva Murthy2.1 Introduction 142.2 Basic Principles 142.3 Instrumentation 162.4 Structure Determination 172.5 Phase Analysis 192.6 Crystallite Size and Disorder 212.7 Orientation Analysis 222.8 Small-Angle Scattering 252.9 Specialized Measurements 302.10 Summary 333 Electron Microscopy of Polymers 37Goerg H. Michler and Werner Lebek3.1 Introduction 373.2 Microscopic Techniques 373.3 Sample Preparation 473.4 In situ Microscopy 504 Characterization of Polymer Morphology by Scattering Techniques 54Jean-Michel Guenet4.1 Introduction 544.2 A Short Theoretical Presentation 554.3 Experimental Aspects 604.4 Typical Results 624.5 Concluding Remarks 695 Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Polymers 72Alejandro J. Müller and Rose Mary Michell5.1 Introduction to Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Basic Principles and Types of DSC Equipment 725.2 Detection of First-Order and Second-Order Transitions by DSC. Applications of Standard DSC Experiments to the Determination of the Glass Transition Temperature and the Melting Temperature of Polymeric Materials 745.3 Self-Nucleation 755.4 Thermal Fractionation 785.5 Multiphasic Materials: Polymer Blends and Block Copolymers. Fractionated Crystallization and Confinement Effects 815.6 Self-Nucleation and the Efficiency Scale to Evaluate Nucleation Power 915.7 Determination of Overall Isothermal Crystallization by DSC 955.8 Conclusions 956 Imaging Polymer Morphology using Atomic Force Microscopy 100Holger Schönherr6.1 Introduction 1006.2 Fundamental AFM Techniques 1016.3 Imaging of Polymer Morphology 1076.4 Property Mapping 1137 FTIR Imaging of Polymeric Materials 118S. G. Kazarian and K. L. A. Chan7.1 Introduction 1187.2 Principles of FTIR Imaging 1187.3 Sampling Methods 1207.4 Spatial Resolution 1227.5 Recent Applications 1247.6 Conclusions 1278 NMR Analysis of Morphology and Structure of Polymers 131Takeshi Yamanobe and Hiroki Uehara8.1 Introduction 1318.2 Basic Concepts in NMR 1318.3 Morphology and Relaxation Behavior of Polyethylene 1348.4 Morphology and Structure of the Nascent Powders 1378.5 Kinetics of Dynamic Process of Polymers 1418.6 Conclusions 146Part II Morphology Properties and Processing 1519 Small-Angle X-ray Scattering for Morphological Analysis of Semicrystalline Polymers 153Anne Seidlitz and Thomas Thurn-Albrecht9.1 Introduction 1539.2 Small-angle X-ray Scattering 1539.3 Concluding Remarks 16210 Crystalline Morphology of Homopolymers and Block Copolymers 165Shuichi Nojima and Hironori Marubayashi10.1 Introduction 16510.2 Crystalline Morphology of Homopolymers 16510.3 Crystalline Morphology of Block Copolymers 17110.4 Concluding Remarks 17611 Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Polymers 181Alejandro J. Müller Rose Mary Michell and Arnaldo T. Lorenzo11.1 Introduction 18111.2 Crystallization Process 18211.3 Crystallization Kinetics 18211.4 Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics–Morphology Relationship 19111.5 Conclusions 20112 Surface-induced Polymer Crystallization 204Xiaoli Sun and Shouke Yan12.1 Introduction 20412.2 Influence of Foreign Surface on the Crystallization Kinetics of Polymers 20512.3 Influence of Foreign Surface on the Crystal Structure and Morphology of Polymers 20512.4 Bulk Crystallization of Polymers in Contact with a Foreign Surface 22612.5 Summary 23413 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Polymer Crystallization 242Wenbing Hu and Liyun Zha13.1 Introduction 24213.2 Thermodynamics of Polymer Crystallization 24213.3 Crystal Nucleation 24713.4 Crystal Growth 25113.5 Crystal Annealing 25413.6 Summary 25514 Self-Assembly and Morphology in Block Copolymer Systems with Specific Interactions 259Anbazhagan Palanisamy and Qipeng Guo14.1 Introduction 25914.2 Block Copolymer Systems with Hydrogen Bonding Interaction in Solid State 26014.3 Block Copolymer Systems with Hydrogen-Bonding Interaction in Solution 26814.4 Block Copolymer Systems with Ionic Interaction 27514.5 Block Copolymer Blends via Metal–Ligand Coordination Bonds 27814.6 Concluding Remarks 27815 Dynamics Simulations of Microphase Separation in Block Copolymers 283Xuehao He Xuejin Li Peng Chen and Haojun Liang15.1 Introduction 28315.2 Polymer Model and Simulation Algorithm 28415.3 Dynamics of Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers 28715.4 Outlook 29416 Morphology Control of Polymer thin Films 299Jiangang Liu Xinhong Yu Longjian Xue and Yanchun Han16.1 Wetting 29916.2 Thin Film of Polymer Blend 30416.3 The Introduction of Polymer Blend Film in Solar Cells 30716.3.4 Construct the Relationship Between Film Morphology and Device Performance 31216.4 Summary and Outlook 31317 Polymer Surface Topography and Nanomechanical Mapping 317Hao Liu So Fujinami Dong Wang Ken Nakajima and Toshio Nishi17.1 Introduction 31717.2 Contact Mechanics 31717.3 Application of Contact Mechanics to Experimental Data 32117.4 Application Examples 32317.5 Conclusion 33118 Polymer Morphology and Deformation Behavior 335Masanori Hara18.1 Introduction 33518.2 Deformation Behavior of Amorphous Polymers 33618.3 Deformation Behavior of Semicrystalline Polymers 33918.4 Deformation Behavior of Block Copolymers 34218.5 Conclusions and Outlook 34519 Morphology Development in Immiscible Polymer Blends 348Ruth Cardinaels and Paula Moldenaers19.1 Introduction 34819.2 Morphology Development in Bulk Flow 35019.3 Recent Advances in Polymer Blends 36319.4 Conclusions 36720 Processing Structure and Morphology in Polymer Nanocomposites 374Duraccio Donatella Clara Silvestre Sossio Cimmino Antonella Marra and Marilena Pezzuto20.1 Overview 37420.2 Nanoparticles with One Dimension Less Than 100 nm (Layered Silicates) 37520.3 Nanoparticles with Two Dimensions Less Than 100 nm (Carbon Nanotubes) 37720.4 Nanoparticles with Three Dimensions Less Than 100 nm (Metal Metal Oxide) 38020.5 Preparative Methods 38220.6 Structure and Morphology of Polymer Nanocomposites 38520.7 Concluding Remarks 38821 Morphology and Gas Barrier Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 397Abbas Ghanbari Marie-Claude Heuzey Pierre J. Carreau and Minh-Tan Ton-That21.1 Introduction 39721.2 Structure of Layered Silicates 39721.3 Morphologies of Polymer-Layered Silicate Composites 39821.4 Nanocomposite Preparation Methods 39821.5 Challenges of Thermal Degradation in Melt Intercalation 40021.6 Methods for Improving Gas Barrier Properties of Polymers 40321.7 Polyamide Nanocomposites 40521.8 Polyolefin Nanocomposites 40521.9 Pet Nanocomposites 40621.10 Polylactide Nanocomposites 41321.11 Conclusions and Perspectives 41422 Features on the Development and Stability of Phase Morphology in Complex Multicomponent Polymeric Systems: Main Focus on Processing Aspects 418Charef Harrats Maria-Beatrice Coltelli and Gabriel Groeninckx22.1 Introduction 41822.2 Phase Morphology Development in Polymer Blends 41922.3 Melt Processing of Polymer Blends 42322.4 Chemistry Involved in Polymer Blends 426References 436Index 439