STEVEN C. McCUTCHEON, PhD, PE, is one of the leading experts in the world in phytoremediation. He currently works at the U.S. EPA National Exposure Research Laboratory in Athens, Georgia.JERALD L. SCHNOOR, PhD, PE, DEE, is Foundation Distinguished Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Iowa.

• Series Preface xiPreface xiiiContributors xxiEditorial Review Board xxviiSection I: Overview of Science and Applications 11. Overview of Phytotransformation and Control of Wastes 3S. C. McCutcheon and J. L. Schnoor2. Uptake and Metabolism of Organic Compounds: Green-Liver Model 59J. G. Burken3. Making Phytoremediation a Successful Technology 85N. Marmiroli and S. C. McCutcheonSection II: Fundamentals of Phytotransformation And Control of Contaminants 1214. Some Fundamental Advances for Xenobiotic Chemicals 123J.-P. SchwitzgueÂbel and T. Vanek5. Enzymes Used by Plants and Microorganisms to Detoxify Organic Compounds 159N. L. Wolfe and C. F. Hoehamer6. Plant Tolerances to Contaminants 189V. F. Medina, E. Maestri, M. Marmiroli, A. C. Dietz, and S. C. McCutcheon7. Root Development and Rooting at Depths 233M. C. Negri, E. G. Gatliff, J. J. Quinn, and R. R. Hinchman8. Measuring and Modeling Tree and Stand Level Transpiration 263J. M. Vose, G. J. Harvey, K. J. Elliott, and B. D. ClintonSection III: Science and Practice for Aromatic, Phenolic, and Hydrocarbon Contaminants 2839. Transformation of Organic Contaminants by Different Plant Systems 285H. Harms, M. Bokern, M. Kolb, and C. Bock10. Ecology of Rhizosphere Bioremediation 317P. E. Olson, K. F. Reardon, and E. A. H. Pilon-Smits11. Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Rhizosphere 355S. L. Hutchinson, A. P. Schwab, and M. K. BanksSection IV: Transformation and Control Of Explosives 38712. Role of Plants in the Transformation of Explosives 389M. Subramanian and J. V. Shanks13. Transformation Kinetics of Trinitrotoluene Conversion in Aquatic Plants 409M. E. Jacobson, S. Y. Chiang, L. Gueriguian, L. R. Westholm, J. Pierson, G. Zhu, and F. M. Saunders14. Proof of Phytoremediation for Explosives in Water and Soil 429S. C. McCutcheon, V. F. Medina, and S. L. Larson15. Phytorestoration at the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant 481P. L. Thompson, D. D. Moses, and K. M. HoweSection V: Fate and Control of Chlorinated Solvents and other Halogenated Compounds 49716. Sequestration and Transformation of Water Soluble Halogenated Organic Compounds Using Aquatic Plants, Algae, and Microbial Mats 499V. A. Nzengung, W. L. O'Niell, S. C. McCutcheon, and N. L. Wolfe17. Fate of Trichloroethylene in Terrestrial Plants 529T. Q. Shang, L. A. Newman, and M. P. Gordon18. Uptake, Metabolism, and Phytovolatilization of Trichloroethylene by Indigenous Vegetation: Impact of Precipitation 561W. J. Doucette, B. G. Bugbee, S. C. Smith, C. J. Pajak, and J. S. Ginn19. Multiple-Process Assessment for a Chlorinated-Solvent Plume 589S. M. Eberts, G. J. Harvey, S. A. Jones, and S. W. Beckman20. Five-Year Pilot Study: Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 635S. R. Hirsh, H. R. Compton, D. H. Matey, J. G. Wrobel, and W. H. SchneiderSection VI: Modeling, Design, and 21. Modeling and Design of Phytoremediation 663.21. Modeling and Design of Phytoremediation 663L. C. Davis, L. E. Erickson, M. Narayanan, and Q. Zhang22. Hydrologic Feasibility Assessment and Design in Phytoremediation 695J. W. Weaver, S. C. McCutcheon, and S. L. Hutchinson23. Waste Management Using Trees: Wastewater, Leachate, and Groundwater Irrigation 717J. L. Jordahl, M. F. Madison, J. K. Smesrud, H. M. Emond, and M. Q. Motte24. Salt Tolerant Plants to Concentrate Saline Waste Streams 753M. C. Negri, R. R. Hinchman, and T. L. SettleSection VII: Latest Advances 76325. Metabolism and Genetics of Atmospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Control Using Pollutant-Philic Plants 765H. Morikawa, M. Takahashi, and Y. Kawamura26. Treatment of Atmospheric Halogenated Hydrocarbons by Plants and Fungi 787P. M. Jeffers and C. D. Liddy27. Phytoremediation of Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether 805S. K. Winnike-McMillan, Q. Zhang, L. C. Davis, L. E. Erickson, and J. L. Schnoor28. Phytoremediation of Cyanide-Polluted Soils 829S. A. J. Trapp and H. Christiansen29. Phytoremediation of Perchlorate 863V. A. Nzengung and S. C. McCutcheon30. Databases and Protocol for Plant and Microorganism Selection: Hydrocarbons and Metals 887T. C. McIntyre31. Field Evaluations of Phytotechnologies 905S. A. RockIndex of Names of Plants 925Index 939

"... the most detailed literary assessment of the subject available today...." (Advances in Horticultral Science, Vol. 19 (3), 2005)"This comprehensive book represents a significant and valuable contribution…highly recommended for anyone working or interested in this subject." (Soil Science, April 2005)"The detail and broad range of topics make this book useful for students as well as regulatory experts and people actively working in the field of phytoremediation." (Ground Water, January/February 2005)"... an indispensable reference to practical case studies...." (International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Vol.84, No.14-15, 10-20 December 2004)"... an interesting and absorbing read, and the technologies are presented in an organized, detailed and useful manner." (Chemical Health & Safety, September-October 2004)"... represents an excellent contribution to the ultimate success of phytoremediation technology." (Journal of Environmental Quality, July-August 2004)"It provides a comprehensive and in-depth source of current scientific knowledge, as well as extensive reference citations, to be of great value to the scientific researcher in this field." (SIM News, July/August 2004)"It is noted that all chapters were peer reviewed. The 80 plus contributors are broadly drawn from universities, government agencies, consulting firms, and foreign laboratories." (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 108, March 2004)"There are countless examples of useful figures, tables, diagrams, illustrations, and schematics, which by themselves make the book worth acquiring." (E-Streams, Vol. 7, No. 5)"... one of the best books on phytoremediation for organic contaminants available today... a complete, current, and highly valuable resource...." (Veterinary and Human Toxicology, Vol. 46, No. 2, April 2004)

STEVEN C. McCUTCHEON, PhD, PE, is one of the leading experts in the world in phytoremediation. He currently works at the U.S. EPA National Exposure Research Laboratory in Athens, Georgia.JERALD L. SCHNOOR, PhD, PE, DEE, is Foundation Distinguished Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Iowa.

• Series Preface xiPreface xiiiContributors xxiEditorial Review Board xxviiSection I: Overview of Science and Applications 11. Overview of Phytotransformation and Control of Wastes 3S. C. McCutcheon and J. L. Schnoor2. Uptake and Metabolism of Organic Compounds: Green-Liver Model 59J. G. Burken3. Making Phytoremediation a Successful Technology 85N. Marmiroli and S. C. McCutcheonSection II: Fundamentals of Phytotransformation And Control of Contaminants 1214. Some Fundamental Advances for Xenobiotic Chemicals 123J.-P. SchwitzgueÂbel and T. Vanek5. Enzymes Used by Plants and Microorganisms to Detoxify Organic Compounds 159N. L. Wolfe and C. F. Hoehamer6. Plant Tolerances to Contaminants 189V. F. Medina, E. Maestri, M. Marmiroli, A. C. Dietz, and S. C. McCutcheon7. Root Development and Rooting at Depths 233M. C. Negri, E. G. Gatliff, J. J. Quinn, and R. R. Hinchman8. Measuring and Modeling Tree and Stand Level Transpiration 263J. M. Vose, G. J. Harvey, K. J. Elliott, and B. D. ClintonSection III: Science and Practice for Aromatic, Phenolic, and Hydrocarbon Contaminants 2839. Transformation of Organic Contaminants by Different Plant Systems 285H. Harms, M. Bokern, M. Kolb, and C. Bock10. Ecology of Rhizosphere Bioremediation 317P. E. Olson, K. F. Reardon, and E. A. H. Pilon-Smits11. Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Rhizosphere 355S. L. Hutchinson, A. P. Schwab, and M. K. BanksSection IV: Transformation and Control Of Explosives 38712. Role of Plants in the Transformation of Explosives 389M. Subramanian and J. V. Shanks13. Transformation Kinetics of Trinitrotoluene Conversion in Aquatic Plants 409M. E. Jacobson, S. Y. Chiang, L. Gueriguian, L. R. Westholm, J. Pierson, G. Zhu, and F. M. Saunders14. Proof of Phytoremediation for Explosives in Water and Soil 429S. C. McCutcheon, V. F. Medina, and S. L. Larson15. Phytorestoration at the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant 481P. L. Thompson, D. D. Moses, and K. M. HoweSection V: Fate and Control of Chlorinated Solvents and other Halogenated Compounds 49716. Sequestration and Transformation of Water Soluble Halogenated Organic Compounds Using Aquatic Plants, Algae, and Microbial Mats 499V. A. Nzengung, W. L. O'Niell, S. C. McCutcheon, and N. L. Wolfe17. Fate of Trichloroethylene in Terrestrial Plants 529T. Q. Shang, L. A. Newman, and M. P. Gordon18. Uptake, Metabolism, and Phytovolatilization of Trichloroethylene by Indigenous Vegetation: Impact of Precipitation 561W. J. Doucette, B. G. Bugbee, S. C. Smith, C. J. Pajak, and J. S. Ginn19. Multiple-Process Assessment for a Chlorinated-Solvent Plume 589S. M. Eberts, G. J. Harvey, S. A. Jones, and S. W. Beckman20. Five-Year Pilot Study: Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 635S. R. Hirsh, H. R. Compton, D. H. Matey, J. G. Wrobel, and W. H. SchneiderSection VI: Modeling, Design, and 21. Modeling and Design of Phytoremediation 663.21. Modeling and Design of Phytoremediation 663L. C. Davis, L. E. Erickson, M. Narayanan, and Q. Zhang22. Hydrologic Feasibility Assessment and Design in Phytoremediation 695J. W. Weaver, S. C. McCutcheon, and S. L. Hutchinson23. Waste Management Using Trees: Wastewater, Leachate, and Groundwater Irrigation 717J. L. Jordahl, M. F. Madison, J. K. Smesrud, H. M. Emond, and M. Q. Motte24. Salt Tolerant Plants to Concentrate Saline Waste Streams 753M. C. Negri, R. R. Hinchman, and T. L. SettleSection VII: Latest Advances 76325. Metabolism and Genetics of Atmospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Control Using Pollutant-Philic Plants 765H. Morikawa, M. Takahashi, and Y. Kawamura26. Treatment of Atmospheric Halogenated Hydrocarbons by Plants and Fungi 787P. M. Jeffers and C. D. Liddy27. Phytoremediation of Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether 805S. K. Winnike-McMillan, Q. Zhang, L. C. Davis, L. E. Erickson, and J. L. Schnoor28. Phytoremediation of Cyanide-Polluted Soils 829S. A. J. Trapp and H. Christiansen29. Phytoremediation of Perchlorate 863V. A. Nzengung and S. C. McCutcheon30. Databases and Protocol for Plant and Microorganism Selection: Hydrocarbons and Metals 887T. C. McIntyre31. Field Evaluations of Phytotechnologies 905S. A. RockIndex of Names of Plants 925Index 939

"... the most detailed literary assessment of the subject available today...." (Advances in Horticultral Science, Vol. 19 (3), 2005)"This comprehensive book represents a significant and valuable contribution…highly recommended for anyone working or interested in this subject." (Soil Science, April 2005)"The detail and broad range of topics make this book useful for students as well as regulatory experts and people actively working in the field of phytoremediation." (Ground Water, January/February 2005)"... an indispensable reference to practical case studies...." (International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Vol.84, No.14-15, 10-20 December 2004)"... an interesting and absorbing read, and the technologies are presented in an organized, detailed and useful manner." (Chemical Health & Safety, September-October 2004)"... represents an excellent contribution to the ultimate success of phytoremediation technology." (Journal of Environmental Quality, July-August 2004)"It provides a comprehensive and in-depth source of current scientific knowledge, as well as extensive reference citations, to be of great value to the scientific researcher in this field." (SIM News, July/August 2004)"It is noted that all chapters were peer reviewed. The 80 plus contributors are broadly drawn from universities, government agencies, consulting firms, and foreign laboratories." (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 108, March 2004)"There are countless examples of useful figures, tables, diagrams, illustrations, and schematics, which by themselves make the book worth acquiring." (E-Streams, Vol. 7, No. 5)"... one of the best books on phytoremediation for organic contaminants available today... a complete, current, and highly valuable resource...." (Veterinary and Human Toxicology, Vol. 46, No. 2, April 2004)

STEVEN C. McCUTCHEON, PhD, PE, is one of the leading experts in the world in phytoremediation. He currently works at the U.S. EPA National Exposure Research Laboratory in Athens, Georgia.JERALD L. SCHNOOR, PhD, PE, DEE, is Foundation Distinguished Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Iowa.

• Series Preface xiPreface xiiiContributors xxiEditorial Review Board xxviiSection I: Overview of Science and Applications 11. Overview of Phytotransformation and Control of Wastes 3S. C. McCutcheon and J. L. Schnoor2. Uptake and Metabolism of Organic Compounds: Green-Liver Model 59J. G. Burken3. Making Phytoremediation a Successful Technology 85N. Marmiroli and S. C. McCutcheonSection II: Fundamentals of Phytotransformation And Control of Contaminants 1214. Some Fundamental Advances for Xenobiotic Chemicals 123J.-P. SchwitzgueÂbel and T. Vanek5. Enzymes Used by Plants and Microorganisms to Detoxify Organic Compounds 159N. L. Wolfe and C. F. Hoehamer6. Plant Tolerances to Contaminants 189V. F. Medina, E. Maestri, M. Marmiroli, A. C. Dietz, and S. C. McCutcheon7. Root Development and Rooting at Depths 233M. C. Negri, E. G. Gatliff, J. J. Quinn, and R. R. Hinchman8. Measuring and Modeling Tree and Stand Level Transpiration 263J. M. Vose, G. J. Harvey, K. J. Elliott, and B. D. ClintonSection III: Science and Practice for Aromatic, Phenolic, and Hydrocarbon Contaminants 2839. Transformation of Organic Contaminants by Different Plant Systems 285H. Harms, M. Bokern, M. Kolb, and C. Bock10. Ecology of Rhizosphere Bioremediation 317P. E. Olson, K. F. Reardon, and E. A. H. Pilon-Smits11. Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Rhizosphere 355S. L. Hutchinson, A. P. Schwab, and M. K. BanksSection IV: Transformation and Control Of Explosives 38712. Role of Plants in the Transformation of Explosives 389M. Subramanian and J. V. Shanks13. Transformation Kinetics of Trinitrotoluene Conversion in Aquatic Plants 409M. E. Jacobson, S. Y. Chiang, L. Gueriguian, L. R. Westholm, J. Pierson, G. Zhu, and F. M. Saunders14. Proof of Phytoremediation for Explosives in Water and Soil 429S. C. McCutcheon, V. F. Medina, and S. L. Larson15. Phytorestoration at the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant 481P. L. Thompson, D. D. Moses, and K. M. HoweSection V: Fate and Control of Chlorinated Solvents and other Halogenated Compounds 49716. Sequestration and Transformation of Water Soluble Halogenated Organic Compounds Using Aquatic Plants, Algae, and Microbial Mats 499V. A. Nzengung, W. L. O'Niell, S. C. McCutcheon, and N. L. Wolfe17. Fate of Trichloroethylene in Terrestrial Plants 529T. Q. Shang, L. A. Newman, and M. P. Gordon18. Uptake, Metabolism, and Phytovolatilization of Trichloroethylene by Indigenous Vegetation: Impact of Precipitation 561W. J. Doucette, B. G. Bugbee, S. C. Smith, C. J. Pajak, and J. S. Ginn19. Multiple-Process Assessment for a Chlorinated-Solvent Plume 589S. M. Eberts, G. J. Harvey, S. A. Jones, and S. W. Beckman20. Five-Year Pilot Study: Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 635S. R. Hirsh, H. R. Compton, D. H. Matey, J. G. Wrobel, and W. H. SchneiderSection VI: Modeling, Design, and 21. Modeling and Design of Phytoremediation 663.21. Modeling and Design of Phytoremediation 663L. C. Davis, L. E. Erickson, M. Narayanan, and Q. Zhang22. Hydrologic Feasibility Assessment and Design in Phytoremediation 695J. W. Weaver, S. C. McCutcheon, and S. L. Hutchinson23. Waste Management Using Trees: Wastewater, Leachate, and Groundwater Irrigation 717J. L. Jordahl, M. F. Madison, J. K. Smesrud, H. M. Emond, and M. Q. Motte24. Salt Tolerant Plants to Concentrate Saline Waste Streams 753M. C. Negri, R. R. Hinchman, and T. L. SettleSection VII: Latest Advances 76325. Metabolism and Genetics of Atmospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Control Using Pollutant-Philic Plants 765H. Morikawa, M. Takahashi, and Y. Kawamura26. Treatment of Atmospheric Halogenated Hydrocarbons by Plants and Fungi 787P. M. Jeffers and C. D. Liddy27. Phytoremediation of Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether 805S. K. Winnike-McMillan, Q. Zhang, L. C. Davis, L. E. Erickson, and J. L. Schnoor28. Phytoremediation of Cyanide-Polluted Soils 829S. A. J. Trapp and H. Christiansen29. Phytoremediation of Perchlorate 863V. A. Nzengung and S. C. McCutcheon30. Databases and Protocol for Plant and Microorganism Selection: Hydrocarbons and Metals 887T. C. McIntyre31. Field Evaluations of Phytotechnologies 905S. A. RockIndex of Names of Plants 925Index 939

"... the most detailed literary assessment of the subject available today...." (Advances in Horticultral Science, Vol. 19 (3), 2005)"This comprehensive book represents a significant and valuable contribution…highly recommended for anyone working or interested in this subject." (Soil Science, April 2005)"The detail and broad range of topics make this book useful for students as well as regulatory experts and people actively working in the field of phytoremediation." (Ground Water, January/February 2005)"... an indispensable reference to practical case studies...." (International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Vol.84, No.14-15, 10-20 December 2004)"... an interesting and absorbing read, and the technologies are presented in an organized, detailed and useful manner." (Chemical Health & Safety, September-October 2004)"... represents an excellent contribution to the ultimate success of phytoremediation technology." (Journal of Environmental Quality, July-August 2004)"It provides a comprehensive and in-depth source of current scientific knowledge, as well as extensive reference citations, to be of great value to the scientific researcher in this field." (SIM News, July/August 2004)"It is noted that all chapters were peer reviewed. The 80 plus contributors are broadly drawn from universities, government agencies, consulting firms, and foreign laboratories." (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 108, March 2004)"There are countless examples of useful figures, tables, diagrams, illustrations, and schematics, which by themselves make the book worth acquiring." (E-Streams, Vol. 7, No. 5)"... one of the best books on phytoremediation for organic contaminants available today... a complete, current, and highly valuable resource...." (Veterinary and Human Toxicology, Vol. 46, No. 2, April 2004)