Photosynthesis in the Marine Environment

Häftad, Engelska, 2014

Av Sven Beer, Mats Björk, John Beardall, Sven (Tel Aviv University) Beer, Mats (Stockholm University) Bjork, John (Monash University) Beardall

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"Marine photosynthesis provides for at least half of the primary production worldwide..."Photosynthesis in the Marine Environment constitutes a comprehensive explanation of photosynthetic processes as related to the special environment in which marine plants live. The first part of the book introduces the different photosynthesising organisms of the various marine habitats: the phytoplankton (both cyanobacteria and eukaryotes) in open waters, and macroalgae, marine angiosperms and photosymbiont-containing invertebrates in those benthic environments where there is enough light for photosynthesis to support growth, and describes how these organisms evolved. The special properties of seawater for sustaining primary production are then considered, and the two main differences between terrestrial and marine environments in supporting photosynthesis and plant growth are examined, namely irradiance and inorganic carbon. The second part of the book outlines the general mechanisms of photosynthesis, and then points towards the differences in light-capturing and carbon acquisition between terrestrial and marine plants. This is followed by discussing the need for a CO2 concentrating mechanism in most of the latter, and a description of how such mechanisms function in different marine plants. Part three deals with the various ways in which photosynthesis can be measured for marine plants, with an emphasis on novel in situ measurements, including discussions of the extent to which such measurements can serve as a proxy for plant growth and productivity. The final chapters of the book are devoted to ecological aspects of marine plant photosynthesis and growth, including predictions for the future.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2014-05-13
Mått190 x 245 x 10 mm
Vikt494 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor224
FörlagJohn Wiley and Sons Ltd
ISBN9781119979579

Tillhör följande kategorier

Marinbiologi inom Naturvetenskap och teknik
Biokemi inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

About the authors ixPreface xiAbout the companion website xiiiPart I Plants and the Oceans 1Introduction 1Chapter 1 The evolution of photosynthetic organisms in the oceans 5Chapter 2 The different groups of marine plants 152.1 Cyanobacteria 162.2 Eukaryotic microalgae 172.3 Photosymbionts 232.4 Macroalgae 272.5 Seagrasses 34Chapter 3 Seawater as a medium for photosynthesis and plant growth 393.1 Light 403.2 Inorganic carbon 453.3 Other abiotic factors 52Summary notes of Part I 55Part II Mechanisms of Photosynthesis, and Carbon Acquisition in Marine Plants 57Introduction to Part II 57Chapter 4 Harvesting of light in marine plants: The photosynthetic pigments 614.1 Chlorophylls 614.2 Carotenoids 634.3 Phycobilins 64Chapter 5 Light reactions 675.1 Photochemistry: excitation, de-excitation, energy transfer and primary electron transfer 675.2 Electron transport 745.3 ATP formation 765.4 Alternative pathways of electron flow 77Chapter 6 Photosynthetic CO2-fixation and -reduction 816.1 The Calvin cycle 816.2 CO2-concentrating mechanisms 89Chapter 7 Acquisition of carbon in marine plants 957.1 Cyanobacteria and microalgae 967.2 Photosymbionts 1017.3 Macroalgae 1047.4 Seagrasses 1187.5 Calcification and photosynthesis 122Summary notes of Part II 124Part III Quantitative Measurements, and Ecological Aspects, of Marine Photosynthesis 127Introduction to Part III 127Chapter 8 Quantitative measurements 1298.1 Gas exchange 1318.2 How to measure gas exchange 1338.3 Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry 1378.4 How to measure PAM fluorescence 1428.5 What method to use: Strengths and limitations 146Chapter 9 Photosynthetic responses, acclimations and adaptations to light 1579.1 Responses of high- and low-light plants to irradiance 1579.2 Light responses of cyanobacteria and microalgae 1639.3 Light effects on photosymbionts 1649.4 Adaptations of carbon acquisition mechanisms to light 1699.5 Acclimations of seagrasses to high and low irradiances 169Chapter 10 Photosynthetic acclimations and adaptations to stress in the intertidal 17510.1 Adaptations of macrophytes to desiccation 17510.2 Other stresses in the intertidal 181Chapter 11 How some marine plants modify the environment for other organisms 18311.1 Epiphytes and other ‘thieves’ 18311.2 Ulva can generate its own empires 18511.3 Seagrasses can alter environments for macroalgae and vice versa 18711.4 Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae 189Chapter 12 Future perspectives on marine photosynthesis 19112.1 ‘Harvesting’ marine plant photosynthesis 19112.2 Predictions for the future 19212.3 Scaling of photosynthesis towards community and ecosystem production 194Summary notes of Part III 197References 199Index 203