This book views the history of philosophy and logic from 1837 to 1939 from the perspective of the cradle of modern exact philosophy - Central Europe. In a series of case studies, it illuminates the developments in this region, most notably in Austria and Poland, examining thinkers such as Bolzano, Brentano, Meinong, Husserl, Twardowski, Lesniewski, and Tarski, as well as the logicians like Frege and Russell to whom they bore a close resemblance. The book challenges established views about the history of philosophy and logic in Europe, and shows the vitality of the Central European tradition.
1. Introduction: Central Europe in the history of philosophy.- 2. Bolzano, Tarski, and the limits of logic.- 3. Brentano’s reform of logic.- 4. The formalization of Husserl’s theory of wholes and parts.- 5. Frege’s theory of real numbers.- 6. The Anglo-Austrian Analytic Axis.- 7. On what there isn’t: the Meinong-Russell dispute.- 8. ?ukasiewicz, Meinong, and many-valued logic.- 9. On understanding Le?niewski.- 10. A Brentanian basis for Lesniewskian logic.- 11. Le?niewski’s logic and its relations to classical and free logics.- 12. A semantics for Ontology.- 13. The old problem of complex and fact.- 14. Tractatus-Mereologico-Philosophicus? A Brentanian look at Wittgenstein, and a moral.- 15. Wittgenstein, Schlick and the a priori.- 16. Categories and ways of being.- Index of Persons.- Index of Subjects.- Index of Cities.