Permanent Supportive Housing

Chronic homelessness is a highly complex social problem of national importance. The problem has elicited a variety of societal and public policy responses over the years, concomitant with fluctuations in the economy and changes in the demographics of and attitudes toward poor and disenfranchised citizens. In recent decades, federal agencies, nonprofit organizations, and the philanthropic community have worked hard to develop and implement programs to solve the challenges of homelessness, and progress has been made. However, much more remains to be done. Importantly, the results of various efforts, and especially the efforts to reduce homelessness among veterans in recent years, have shown that the problem of homelessness can be successfully addressed.Although a number of programs have been developed to meet the needs of persons experiencing homelessness, this report focuses on one particular type of intervention: permanent supportive housing (PSH). Permanent Supportive Housing focuses on the impact of PSH on health care outcomes and its cost-effectiveness. The report also addresses policy and program barriers that affect the ability to bring the PSH and other housing models to scale to address housing and health care needs.Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Addressing Homelessness in the United States3 Evidence of Effect of Permanent Supportive Housing on Health4 Cost-Effectiveness of Permanent Supportive Housing5 Effect of Individual and Program Characteristics on Outcomes in Permanent Supportive Housing6 Impact of Permanent Supportive Housing on Families and Youth7 Program and Policy Barriers to Permanent Supportive Housing8 Research Gaps9 Conclusions and RecommendationsReferencesAppendix A Committee on an Evaluation of Permanent Supportive Housing Programs for Homeless Individuals: Biographical InformationAppendix B The History of Homelessness in the United StatesAppendix C Counting the Number of Individuals Experiencing HomelessnessAppendix D Examples of Homeless Service Programs in Denver and San JoseAppendix E Studies of Effectiveness of Permanent Supportive Housing