Pearson Guide to Critical and Creative Thinking, The

Dr. Robert DiYanni is a professor of humanities at New York University, where he teaches literature, writing, interdisciplinary humanities, and critical/creative thinking. Professor DiYanni holds a B.A. in English from Rutgers University and a Ph.D. in English Language and Literature from The City University of New York. He has lectured and conducted workshops on critical and creative thinking in twenty countries, including Canada, China, England, France, Germany, Mexico, and the US. Among his many books are Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama; Modern American Poets: Their Voices and Visions; Modern American Prose; Writing about the Humanities; and Arts and Culture: An Introduction to the Humanities. This last book formed the basis for a series of lectures given with co-author, Janetta Benton, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Prior to coming to NYU, Dr. DiYanni taught at Queens College CUNY, Pace University, and as a Visiting Professor at Harvard University. He has also served as Senior Director of International Services at The College Board, and as Director of Arts and Aesthetic Education for the Scarsdale, NY public schools.

• In This Section: Brief Table of ContentsDetailed Table of ContentsI) Brief Table of Contents PART ONE - INTRODUCING CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING Chapter 1. Developing Critical ThinkingChapter 2. Developing Creative ThinkingPART TWO - CRITICAL THINKING: ANALYSIS Chapter 3. Analyzing LanguageChapter 4. Analyzing ImagesChapter 5. Thinking, Reading, WritingPART THREE - CRITICAL THINKING: ARGUMENT Chapter 6. Reasoning Well: Sound ThinkingChapter 7. Reasoning Badly: Thinking FallaciesChapter 8. Analyzing and Constructing ArgumentsPART FOUR - CREATIVE THINKING: GENERATING IDEAS Chapter 9. Parallel Thinking and Lateral ThinkingChapter 10. Finding Ideas Through Imaginative ThinkingChapter 11. Creative Whacks and ThinkertoysPART FIVE - CREATIVE THINKING: APPLICATIONS AND EXPLORATIONS Chapter 12. Thinking about DesignChapter 13. Thinking about InnovationChapter 14. Thinking about Technology and Information II) Detailed Table of Contents PART ONE - INTRODUCING CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING Chapter 1. Developing Critical Thinking Learning GoalsChapter OverviewFocusing QuestionsWhat is Critical Thinking?Habits of MindOvercoming Obstacles to ThinkingA Model for Critical ThinkingThinking about Thinking: How We Know What We KnowFocus on Perception: Perception and KnowledgeBeing WrongIntuitions and RationalizationsThe Pleasures and Benefits of ErrorThe Perspective of PhilosophyLooking Back and Looking AheadResourcesChapter 2. Developing Creative Thinking Learning GoalsChapter OverviewFocusing QuestionsWhat is Creative Thinking?Seeking Alternatives and PossibilitiesBroadening PerceptionReversing RelationshipsCross-FertilizationShifting AttentionDenying the Negative, Pursuing the PossibleThe Eight Commandments of IdeationSCAMPERThe Creative HabitDeveloping Creative ConfidenceIdea Killers and Idea GrowersCreative QuestioningLooking Back and Looking AheadResourcesPART TWO - CRITICAL THINKING: ANALYSIS Chapter 3. Analyzing Language Learning GoalsChapter OverviewFocusing QuestionsLanguage SaturationWordsThe Prevalence of MetaphorLanguage and ThoughtReports, Inferences, and JudgmentsLanguage and Critical AnalysisAn Approach to AnalysisLooking Back and Looking AheadResourcesChapter 4. Analyzing Images Learning GoalsChapter OverviewFocusing QuestionsThe Prevalence and Power of ImagesImage, Icon, Symbol, SignThe Vocabulary of ComicsImages with Words: Analyzing an AdvertisementObservations and Analysis: Allen Edmonds Shoe AdImages, Ideas and EmotionComparing Representational and Abstract ImagesA Graphic Novel: Shaun Tan's The ArrivalTwo Powerful ImagesMoving Images: The Power of MoviesThe Attraction of MoviesLooking Back and Looking AheadResourcesChapter 5. Thinking, Reading, Writing Learning GoalsChapter OverviewFocusing QuestionsWhy Read?The Pleasures of ReadingKinds of ReadingWhy Write?The Pleasures of WritingKinds of WritingActive ReadingThe Interpretive ImpulseAn Approach to Reading and WritingSummarizing and ParaphrasingEvaluation—Judging and Considering ValuesWriting to Evaluate a TextThe Value of ReadingDigital ReadingLooking Back and Looking AheadResourcesPART THREE - CRITICAL THINKING: ARGUMENT Chapter 6. Reasoning Well: Sound Thinking Learning GoalsChapter OverviewFocusing QuestionsThe Pervasiveness of ArgumentWhat is an Argument?Argument Basics: Claims, Evidence, AssumptionsArgument and ImplicationsGoing Further Into Evidence: Claims, Warrants, BackingInductive and Deductive ReasoningSyllogisms and ArgumentArgument and AuthorityArgument and AnalogyArgument and CausalityLooking Back and Looking AheadResourcesChapter 7. Reasoning Badly: Thinking Fallacies Learning GoalsChapter OverviewFocusing QuestionsHow Thinking Goes WrongFallacies—Errors in ReasoningLooking Back and Looking AheadResourcesChapter 8. Analyzing and Constructing Arguments Learning GoalsChapter OverviewFocusing QuestionsAnalyzing ArgumentsLogic and RhetoricLogos, Ethos, PathosArgument and Eloquence—“Letter from Birmingham Jail”Constructing ArgumentsGuidelines for Constructing an ArgumentArgument and the Classical OrationRogerian ArgumentCultural RelativismLooking Back and Looking AheadResourcesPART FOUR - CREATIVE THINKING: GENERATING IDEAS Chapter 9. Parallel Thinking and Lateral Thinking Learning GoalsChapter OverviewFocusing QuestionsThinking ToolsSix Thinking HatsLateral ThinkingConceptsEssencesConcepts as Cognitive ToolsLooking Back and Looking AheadResourcesChapter 10. Finding Ideas Through Imaginative Thinking Learning GoalsChapter OverviewFocusing QuestionsThe Priority of ImaginationImagination First: Unlocking PossibilityWhy Imagination?Imagination, Creativity, InnovationCapacities for Imaginative ThinkingRaising Your Imagination QuotientThe Limits of ImaginationWhat is an Idea?Why Ideas are ImportantHow to Get IdeasCreation and DestructionLooking Back and Looking AheadResourcesChapter 11. Creative Whacks and Thinkertoys Learning GoalsChapter OverviewFocusing QuestionsCreative WhacksExplorer, Artist, Judge, WarriorThinkertoysUsing ParadoxCombining ThingsThinking the UnthinkableWalt Disney—Dreamer, Realist, CriticLooking Back and Looking AheadResourcesPART FIVE - CREATIVE THINKING: APPLICATIONS AND EXPLORATIONS Chapter 12. Thinking about Design Learning GoalsChapter OverviewFocusing QuestionsWhat We Talk About When We Talk About DesignDesign and Everyday LifeThe Design of ProcessesGood and Bad DesignLevels of DesignDesign and Human BehaviorDesigning for ErrorParadoxes of DesignPrinciples of DesignDesign Constraints and CompromisesAnti-DesignDesign ThinkingDesign, Art, and SocietyDesign and TruthLooking Back and Looking AheadResourcesChapter 13. Thinking about Innovation Learning GoalsChapter OverviewFocusing QuestionsWhat is Innovation?Principles of InnovationConditions of InnovationInnovation and ResonanceInnovation Myths and Innovation DriversInadvertent DiscoveriesAchieving InsightsGroup and Solo InnovationWhere Good Ideas Come FromCreating InnovatorsZig-Zag InnovationSocial InnovationWhat Thwarts Innovation?Balancing Innovation FactorsLooking Back and Looking AheadResourcesChapter 14. Thinking about Technology and Information Learning GoalsChapter OverviewFocusing QuestionsThe Power and Promise of TechnologyThe Internet and ResponsibilityInto the Electronic MillenniumTechnology EducationTechnopolyTechnology and EthicsSocial NetworkingDoes Facebook Reduce Life to a Data Base?The Implications of Artificial IntelligenceTechnology and Our BrainsDigital CitizenshipTechnology and InformationThe River of KnowledgeThe Trustworthiness of InformationBig DataInformation, Privacy, and Political ControlInformation, Meaning, and KnowledgeLooking Back and Looking AheadResources

"The organization is great. Each chapter adds to the ones that follow and allows the student to build upon what they are learning from one chapter to the next." -Tanya Allred, New Mexico State University at Alamogordo "This style is user friendly. It was easy to read and was not too technical or difficult to understand ... The content is relevant, accurate and solid" - Laura Earner, Saint xavier University "The author does make good use of concrete examples. Students taking such a course likely have a variety of backgrounds and major areas of interest. This text takes that into account with examples ranging from photos and drawings to math equations, to poetry." - Carol Davis, California State University, Monterey Bay "I like the tone of the book... the exercises and their mix of self-examination and scholarship. I like the breadth of topics that are included at the end of the book. They take critical thinking into realms students might not have considered before." - Christina Conroy, Morehead State University "One of the best elements of this text is its flexibility. It provides instructors with the ability to market their Critical Thinking courses to different student audiences as well." - Lisa Bellantoni, Albright College "One of the main things that I like about this text is the interaction with the reader. The exercises interspersed through the chapters involve the reader in the text and force them to 'think'." - Cathy Hall, Indiana University Northwest