Pavement Asset Management

Dr. Ralph Haas, PEng, PhD, is the Norman W. McLeod Engineering Professor and Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of Waterloo. An educator, researcher and practitioner, he has lectured and consulted worldwide on infrastructure and pavement management for more than four decades. His contributions have been recognized with such honors as Member of the Order of Canada, Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering, Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Dr. W. Ronald Hudson, PE PhD, is the Dewitt Greer Emeritus Professor at the University of Texas, Austin. He has authored or coauthored 400 learned papers and 6 books. He is a Distinguished graduate of the UT Austin School of Engineering and the Civil Engineering Dept. at Texas A&M University. He was a senior member of the Team that developed the initial PMS and was also a Principal on the Team that developed the first BMS for NCHRP in the mid-1980s. He has chaired every PMS committee in TRB and has chaired the Pavement Committee and the Highway Division for the American Society of Civil Engineers. Dr. Lynne Cowe Falls, Peng, has an extensive background in pavement management spanning several decades including consulting engineering and currently Associate Dean of Engineering at the University of Calgary. She is a prolific author and award winning teacher and has been elected a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering and a Fellow of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineering.

• Preface xixPart One: The Evolution of Pavement Management1 Introduction 32 Birth and Teen Years of Pavement Management (1967–1987) 52.1 Network Level PMS 82.2 The Impact of Lack of Understanding of Software Requirements 92.3 Lessons Learned from the Early Development Years 102.4 Basic Requirements for an Effective and Comprehensive PMS 113 Pavement Management Development from 2010 153.1 Data Aggregation and Sectioning 163.2 Private Investment 163.3 Parallel International Developments 173.4 Administrative and Public Awareness of PMS 173.5 Education 183.6 Improvements in Computers and Software Development 193.7 Other Compatible Management Systems 193.8 Expansion of PMS Concerns 204 Setting the Stage 21References for Part One 23Part Two: Data Requirements5 Overview of Pavement Management Data Needs 275.1 Classes of Data Required 275.2 The Importance of Construction and Maintenance History Data 285.3 The Importance of Performance Related Pavement Evaluation 305.4 Objectivity and Consistency in Pavement Data Acquisition and Use 305.5 Combining Pavement Evaluation Measures 306 Inventory Data Needs 316.1 Purpose of Inventory Data 316.2 Types of Inventory Data 316.3 Selection and Referencing of Pavement Management Sections 326.4 Collecting and Processing Section and Network Data 336.5 Traffic and Truck Load Data 347 Characterizing Pavement Performance 357.1 The Serviceability-Performance Concept 357.2 Pavement Roughness 357.3 Equipment for Evaluating Roughness 367.4 Toward a Universal Roughness Standard 377.5 Calibration Needs and Procedures 397.6 Relating Roughness to Serviceability 457.7 Applications of Roughness Data 478 Evaluation of Pavement Structural Capacity 498.1 Basic Considerations 498.2 Nondestructive Measurement and Analysis 498.2.1 Deflection Measurements 508.2.2 Moving Measurement of Deflections 518.2.3 Ground Penetrating Radar 558.3 Destructive Structural Evaluation 588.4 Structural Capacity Index Concepts 588.5 Network versus Project Level Applications of Structural Capacity Evaluation 648.5.1 Staged Measurements 659 Evaluation of Pavement Surface Distress Condition Surveys 679.1 Purposes of Surface Distress Surveys 679.2 Manual Methods for Distress Surveys 679.3 Automated Survey Methods 699.4 Types of Distress 709.5 Examples of Distress Survey Procedures 709.6 Equipment for Distress Evaluation 749.7 Summary of Pavement Distress Scores Used by State DOTs 809.8 Example Equipment: Fugro, Roadware-ARAN 839.9 Example Equipment: Service Provider-Pathway Services Inc. 859.10 Application of Distress Data 8710 Evaluation of Pavement Safety 8910.1 Major Safety Components 9010.2 Skid Resistance Evaluation 9010.3 Basic Concepts of Skid Resistance and the Importance of Pavement Texture 9110.4 Methods of Measuring and Reporting Skid Resistance 9310.5 Change of Skid Resistance with Time, Traffic, and Climate (Weather/Season) 9510.6 Including Friction Management in a Pavement Management System 9511 Combined Measures of Pavement Quality 10311.1 Concept of Combined Measures 10311.2 Examples of Combined Indexes 10411.3 Developing Combined Indexes 10512 Data Base Management 10912.1 Introduction 10912.2 Factors that Characterize the Present State of Data Base Management 10912.3 Some Evolutionary Features of Data Base Management 11112.4 Data Base Management Systems and Key Components 11212.5 Advantages of Integrated Data Base Management Systems 11412.6 Examples of Integrated Data Base Management 11512.7 Success Factors for Effective Data Base Management 11813 Communicating the Present Status of Pavement Networks 12113.1 Introduction 12113.2 Performance Measures 12213.3 Performance Measurement and Strategic Level Pavement Management 12313.4 Performance Measure Categories 12413.5 Example Report on the State of a Road Network in Terms of International Roughness Index 13113.6 Example Report on the State of a Road Network in Terms of Asset Value 13313.7 Example Report on a State Timeline of “Good” Pavement 136References for Part Two 137Part Three: Determining Present and Future Needs and Priority Programing of Rehabilitation and Maintenance14 Establishing Criteria 14714.1 Reasons for Establishing Criteria 14714.2 Measures to which Criteria can be Applied 14714.3 Factors Affecting Limits, and Some Examples 14814.4 Effects of Changing Criteria 14815 Prediction Models for Pavement Deterioration 15115.1 Clarification of Performance and Deterioration Prediction 15115.2 Parameters or Measures to be Predicted 15215.3 Basic Types of Prediction Models and Examples 15716 Determining Needs 15917 Rehabilitation and Maintenance Alternatives 16117.1 Identification of Alternatives 16117.2 Decision Processes and Expert Systems Approaches to Identifying Feasible Alternative 16317.3 Deterioration Modeling of Rehabilitation and Maintenance Alternatives 16917.4 Costs, Benefits, and Cost-Effectiveness Calculations 16918 Priority Programing of Rehabilitation and Maintenance 17118.1 Basic Approaches to Establishing Alternatives and Policies 17118.2 Selecting a Length of Program Period 17218.3 Basic Functions of Priority Programming 17218.4 Priority Programing Methods 17318.5 Examples and Comparisons 17518.6 Budget Level Evaluation and Specific Standards 17518.7 Final Program Selection 17619 Developing Combined Programs of Maintenance and Rehabilitation 17719.1 Example Results of a Combined Program 17919.2 Summary 179References for Part Three 183Part Four: Structural Design and Economic Analysis: Project Level20 A Framework for Pavement Design 18720.1 Introduction 18720.2 Focus on the MEPDG 18820.3 Basic Structural Response Models 18920.4 Characterization of Design Inputs 19020.5 Variability, Reliability and Risk in Pavement Management 19520.6 Generating Alternative Design Strategies 19721 The MEPDG Process for Pavement Design 20121.1 Introduction 20121.2 Calibration Issues 20321.3 MEPDG Software 20421.4 Levels of Use in the MEPDG 20521.5 Good Design is Not Enough - Life Cycle Pavement Management is Also Needed 20621.6 Summary of the MEPDG for Flexible Pavements 20622 The MEPDG for Design of New and Reconstructed Rigid Pavements 21122.1 Introduction 21122.2 Overview of the Design Process 21222.3 Processing of Inputs for the Design Analysis 21422.4 Structural Response Models 21423 Rehabilitation of Existing Pavements 21723.1 Introduction 21723.2 MEPDG Suggested Evaluation Data for Pavement Rehabilitation 21823.3 MEPDG Rehabilitation Design with HMA 21923.4 MEPDG Rehabilitation Design with PCC 22123.5 Concrete Pavement Restoration (CPR) of JPCP 22223.6 Models, Algorithms, and Transfer Functions of the MEPDG 22523.7 Quality of Calibration Data and Factor Adjustments 22523.8 AASHTO Manual of Practices 22724 MEPDG in Practice 22924.1 Use of the Guide in Pavement Management 22924.2 MEPDG Offers a Roadmap to Improvement 23024.3 MEPDG Research Team’s Perspective on Guide Improvements 23024.4 Practical Experience with MEPDG Flexible Pavement Models 23224.5 Use of MEPDG for Rehabilitation and Overlay Design 23324.6 Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Software 23424.7 Summary 23425 Economic Evaluation of Alternative Pavement Design Strategies and Selection of an Optimal Strategy 23725.1 Introduction 23725.2 Consideration of Environmental Costs in Selecting Alternative Strategies 23825.3 Weighing Costs versus Environmental Benefits 23825.4 Unique and/or Unpredictable Cost Factors 23925.5 User Costs 24025.6 Selection of an Optimal Strategy 24025.7 Summary 241References for Part Four 242Part Five: Implementation of Pavement Management Systems26 Steps and Key Components of Implementation 24926.1 Recognize Need for Change 25026.2 User Interface Design/User Experience Design 25026.3 Education/Training 25226.4 Staffing 25226.5 Agency Input 25326.6 Training in Software Use 25327 Role of Construction 25527.1 Construction Linked to Planning and Programming 25627.2 Construction Linked to Project Level Design and Expected Life Cycle Performance 25627.3 Construction Linked with Maintenance and Evaluation 25627.4 Information Flows from and to Construction 25727.5 Role of Construction in Public-Private Partnerships (PPP’s) 25728 Role of Maintenance 25928.1 Maintenance Linked to Other Phases of Pavement Management 26028.2 Pavement Preservation in Maintenance 26028.3 Maintenance Management Systems Related to PMS 26529 Research Management 26729.1 Some Key Elements of Research Management 26829.2 Issues and Examples 269References for Part Five 271Part Six: Examples of Working Systems30 Basic Features of Working Systems 27531 Network Level Examples of Pavement Management 27931.1 Review of COTS PMS Vendors 28131.2 Vendor Background 28431.3 Guidelines to Available PMS Software 28531.4 Evaluation of Available Information on Leading PMS Providers 28931.5 Summary 29432 Project Level Examples of PMS Software 29533 HDM-4 the Upgraded World Bank Model 29733.1 HDM-4 Applications 29933.2 Summary 30234 City and County Pavement Management Systems 30534.1 Lisbon, Portugal 30734.2 City of San Antonio, Texas 30734.3 Metro Nashville PMS Selection Process 30934.4 Pavement Management in Johannesburg, South Africa 30934.5 City of Henderson, Nevada 31134.6 GIS Based Pavement Management System—Fountain Hills Arizona 31235 Airport Pavement Management 31335.1 PAVER and MicroPAVER 31335.2 USDOT Federal Aviation Administration Support and Use of PMS 31635.3 Arizona Airports Pavement Management System 31835.4 Washington State Airport Pavement Management System 31935.5 Summary 320References for Part Six 321Part Seven: Looking Ahead36 Analyzing Special Problems 32736.1 Calibration of Pavement Design Methods 32736.2 Superpave Evaluation 32836.3 Warm Mix Asphalts 32836.4 Corridor Analysis 32936.5 Improved Pavement Performance Models 32936.6 Geographic Areas of Heavy Damage 33036.7 Analysis of Heavy Load Corridors 33136.8 Summary 33137 Applications of Expert Systems Technology 33338 New and Emerging Technologies 33538.1 Predicted Advances in PMS 33538.2 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 33538.3 New Software, Hardware, Data Bases, and Personal Computers 33638.4 New Measurement Technologies 33638.5 Summary 33939 Institutional Issues and Barriers Related to Pavement Management Implementation 34139.1 Introduction 34139.2 Summary 34340 Cost and Benefits of Pavement Management 34540.1 General 34540.2 Quantifiable Benefits 34840.3 Benefit/Cost of Developing and Using PMS 34840.4 Example Benefits of PMS for Arizona DOT 34940.5 Example Benefits of Management Systems for Pinellas County Public Works, Florida 35040.6 Summary 35141 Future Direction and Need for Innovation in Pavement Management 35341.1 Pavement Management Roadmap 35341.2 Consider User Costs and Vehicle Operating Cost in PMS 36141.3 Needs for Improved Software 36141.4 Forward Looking Opportunities 36341.5 Motivating Factors and Roadblocks in Advancing Pavement Management 36342 Developments in Asset Management 37142.1 Background 37242.2 Framework for AMS 37342.3 Business Plan for AMS 37542.4 General Principles of Asset Management Evolving from PMS 37542.5 Early Positive Steps by DOTs 37642.6 Maturing AMS 37742.7 Roadblocks to AMS Implementation 37842.8 Strategic Level 37942.9 Corporate Data Base and Executive Information System 37942.10 Network Level and Project Level 38042.11 Summary 38042.12 Websites Containing Transportation Asset Management Information as of 2014 380References to Part Seven 382Index 387