Paper-Based Functional Materials

Xianping Yao, Senior Engineer, is President of Hangzhou Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Director of National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Papermaking Chemicals. He is also the Academician of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Member of China Society of Chemical Industry, Winner of special allowance of the State Council, honorary chairman of China Papermaking Chemical Industry Association, distinguished vice chairman of China Papermaking Society, Vice Chairman of the technical committee of Bio-based Chemical Materials of the Standards Committee of China Materials and Testing Group. He has been engaged in the research and development of biomass based functional materials such as papermaking chemicals, starch derivatives and nano cellulose for a long time. He founds two leading enterprises in papermaking chemicals and six national high-tech enterprises. He won the outstanding contribution award for the implementation of the national science and technology plan, the top ten leaders in China's papermaking industry and the person of the year of Scientific Chinese. Genrong Chen, Senior Engineer, is chief editor for Editorial Office of Paper Chemical. He has long-term engaged in paper chemicals and related fields consulting, information research work. Zhen Yao, Senior Engineer, she is specialized in researching and producing of starch derivatives. She is the General Manager of Hangzhou Papermaking Science & Technology Co., Ltd. and the Director of the provincial modified starch R & D center. Liping Zheng, Senior Engineer, has long been engaged in product process innovation and engineering technology research in the field of papermaking chemicals and starch derivatives. She is the Vice President of Hangzhou Institute of Chemical Industry, the Deputy Director of the National Papermaking Chemicals Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, and the Vice President of China Papermaking Chemicals Industry Association. She has made great contributions to solving key technical problems such as major engineering design, construction, production and operation, led the construction of a new continuous fluidization process production line of 200000 t / a high performance starch based functional materials.

• Preface xviiAbout the Author xix1 Introduction 11.1 Definition of Paper-Based Functional Materials 11.2 Raw Materials of Paper-Based Functional Materials 21.2.1 Natural Polymers 31.2.2 Inorganic Minerals 41.2.3 Petroleum-Based Organic Polymers 41.3 Properties and Applications of Paper-Based Functional Materials 51.4 Economic and Social Value of Paper-Based Functional Materials 61.5 Development Trends of Paper-Based Functional Materials 81.5.1 Development of New Technologies 81.5.2 Development of New Products 8References 102 High-performance Starch Paper-Based Functional Materials 112.1 Overview 112.1.1 Starch and Starch-Based Functional Products 112.1.2 Types and Functions of Starch-Based Functional Products for Papermaking 132.1.3 Application of Starch-Based Functional Products in Papermaking 132.1.4 The Significance of Starch-Based Functional Products in Maintaining Forest Resources and Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction 152.1.4.1 AlternativeWood-Fiber Raw Materials 162.1.4.2 Promote Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction 172.2 Preparation Methods of Starch-Based Functional Products 182.2.1 Wet-Processing Technology 182.2.2 Dry Process 192.2.3 Semi-dry Process 202.2.4 Continuous Flow and Pipeline-Based Green Manufacturing New Process 202.3 High-performance Starch-Based Functional Products for Papermaking 242.3.1 Special Modified Starch for Non-Wood Fiber 242.3.1.1 Product Structural Innovation—Pioneering the Molecular Structure Modification of Natural Polymer (Starch) with Multifunctional Groups 252.3.1.2 Technological Process Innovation—Inventing the Catalytic Continuous Powder Pipeline Reaction Clean Production Process 262.3.1.3 Application Technology Innovation—Pioneering Application Technology for Non-Wood-Fiber Pulp Papermaking 262.3.2 High-Retention Surface-Sizing Starch 272.3.2.1 The Main Differences Between High-Retention Surface-Sizing Starch and Regular Oxidized Starch 272.3.2.2 Application of High-Retention Surface-Sizing Starch 312.3.3 Interference-Resistant Specialized Enhancer for Recycled Paper 322.3.4 Environmentally Friendly Paper Coating Adhesive 332.3.4.1 Viscosity Reduction Process 362.3.4.2 Improve the Viscosity Stability of Starch, Especially Under High-Concentration and Low-Temperature Conditions 362.3.4.3 Enhancing the Modification of Starch Through Cationization 372.3.5 Specialized Functional Starch for Heat Transfer Printing Paper 392.3.6 High-Substitution High-Molecular-Weight Cationic Starch 432.4 Application Technologies of Starch-Based Functional Products in Papermaking 462.4.1 Wet-End Application Technology 472.4.2 Surface-Sizing Technology 492.4.2.1 The Selection of Surface-Sizing Agents 502.4.2.2 The Selection of Surface-Sizing Equipment 502.4.2.3 Shared Chemical Technology in Surface Sizing 522.4.3 Interlayer Application Technology 532.4.3.1 Application Mechanism and Performance Requirements 532.4.3.2 Spray Technology 552.4.4 Coating Application Technology 572.4.5 Relevant Green Technology Applications and Equipment 592.4.5.1 High-Temperature Jet Cooking Technology and Equipment for Starch Continuous Cooking 592.4.5.2 Papermaking Fillers Online Surface Modification and Jet Mixing Technology and Equipment 622.4.6 Comprehensive Economic and Technical Evaluation 642.4.6.1 Retention Rate Analysis 652.4.6.2 Quality and Benefits Analysis 652.4.6.3 Analysis of Raw Material Cost Reduction Benefits 652.4.6.4 Analysis of Other Benefits 652.5 Outlook and Recommendations 65References 673 Functional Materials Based on Nanocellulose Paper 693.1 Overview 693.1.1 Classification of Nanocellulose 713.1.1.1 Cellulose Nanocrystals 713.1.1.2 Cellulose Nanofibrils 723.1.1.3 Bacterial Nanocellulose 733.1.2 Cellulose Nanofibrils - CMF (or MFC) 733.2 Preparation and Characterization of Nanocellulose 743.2.1 Preparation 743.2.1.1 Mechanical Methods 743.2.1.2 Chemical Methods 783.2.1.3 Biological Methods 793.2.2 Modification Techniques 793.2.3 Main Characterization Methods 803.3 Functional Application of Nanocellulose in PaperMaking 823.3.1 Paper Reinforcement 833.3.2 Paper Filling 863.3.3 Paper Barrier 873.3.4 Other Applications 913.4 Existing Problems and Prospects 943.4.1 Existing Problem 943.4.2 Prospect 94References 954 High-Performance Fiber Paper-Based Functional Materials 994.1 Introduction 994.2 Typical High-Performance Fiber 994.2.1 High-Performance Organic Fibers 1004.2.1.1 Aromatic Polyamide Fiber 1004.2.1.2 Polyimide Fiber 1024.2.1.3 Poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO) Fiber 1044.2.1.4 Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Fiber 1054.2.2 High-Performance Inorganic Fiber 1064.2.2.1 Glass Fiber 1064.2.2.2 Carbon Fiber 1084.2.2.3 Basalt Fiber 1104.2.2.4 Ceramic Fiber 1124.3 Wet-Laid Forming Technology of High-Performance Fiber Paper 1134.3.1 Challenges in Preparing High-Performance Fiber Paper 1144.3.2 Key Technologies 1144.3.2.1 Differential Fibers 1154.3.2.2 Fiber Dispersion 1194.3.2.3 Paper Forming 1214.3.2.4 Paper Strengthen 1234.4 Typical High-Performance Fiber-Based Functional Paper Materials 1244.4.1 Aramid Fiber-Based Electrical Insulation Paper 1254.4.2 Aramid/ Mica Insulation Paper 1274.4.3 Lightweight and High-Strength Para-Aramid Honeycomb Core Material 1294.4.4 High-Temperature-Resistant Polyimide Fiber Paper-Based FunctionalMaterials 130References 1315 Long-Fiber Filter Paper-Based Functional Materials 1355.1 Long Fibers for Filter Paper-Based Functional Materials 1355.1.1 Overview 1355.1.2 Classification and Characteristics of Long Fibers 1355.1.2.1 Long Fibers from Plants 1355.1.2.2 Long Fibers from Non-Plant Sources 1385.2 Mechanisms of Filtration 1425.2.1 Air Filtration 1425.2.1.1 Interception Effect 1425.2.1.2 Inertia Effect 1425.2.1.3 Diffusion Effect 1435.2.1.4 Gravity Effect 1445.2.1.5 Electrostatic Effect 1455.2.2 Liquid Filtration 1455.2.2.1 Principle of Liquid Filtration 1455.2.2.2 Filtration Types 1465.3 Applications of Filter Paper-Based Functional Materials 1475.3.1 Paper-Based Functional Materials for Engine Filtration 1475.3.1.1 Overview 1475.3.1.2 Development of Engine Filtration Paper 1475.3.1.3 Technology of Engine Filtration Paper Materials 1485.3.1.4 Types of Engine Filtration Paper Materials 1495.3.1.5 Classification of Engine Filtration Paper Materials 1505.3.1.6 Technical Specifications for Engine Filtration Paper 1515.3.1.7 Production Processes for Engine Filtration Paper 1515.3.1.8 Prospects for Engine Filtration Paper 1525.3.2 Filter Paper-Based Functional Materials for Analysis and Testing 1555.3.2.1 Overview 1555.3.2.2 Classification of Chemical Analysis Filter Paper 1565.3.2.3 Technical Specifications and Processes of Chemical Analysis Filter Paper 1575.3.3 Paper-Based Functional Materials for Tea Filtration 1615.3.3.1 Principle of Tea Bag Filter Paper 1615.3.3.2 Preparation Process of Tea Bag Filter Paper 1615.3.3.3 Technical Parameters of Tea Bag Filter Paper 1635.3.3.4 Prospects for Paper-Based Functional Materials for Tea Filtration 164References 1656 Hydrophobic/Oleophobic/Hydrophilic/Lipophilic Paper-Based Functional Materials 1676.1 Introduction to the Mechanism of SurfaceWettability of Paper-Based Materials 1676.1.1 Wetting Model of the Surface of the Object 1676.1.2 Definition of DifferentWetting Interfaces 1696.1.2.1 Definition of a Hydrophobic and Oleophobic Interface 1696.1.2.2 Definition of a Hydrophobic and Lipophilic Interface 1696.1.2.3 Definition of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Interfaces 1696.1.2.4 Definition of Hydrophilic and Oleophobic Interfaces 1706.2 Hydrophobic and Oleophobic Paper-Based Functional Materials 1716.2.1 Preparation 1716.2.1.1 Physicochemical Modification Method 1736.2.1.2 Surface Coating Method 1756.2.1.3 Nanoparticle Deposition Method 1766.2.1.4 Chemical Modification Method 1766.2.2 Application 1776.2.2.1 Oil–Water Separation 1776.2.2.2 Self-cleaning 1786.2.2.3 Microfluidic Device 1786.2.2.4 Intelligent Response to Functional Materials 1786.3 Hydrophobic and Lipophilic Paper-Based Functional Materials 1796.3.1 Preparation 1796.3.2 Application 1806.3.2.1 Oil–Water Separation 1806.3.2.2 Fuel Filter Paper 1816.4 Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Paper-Based Functional Materials 1826.4.1 Preparation 1826.4.1.1 Physical Modification Method 1826.4.1.2 Surface Coating Method 1836.4.1.3 Chemical Modification Method 1846.4.2 Application 1876.4.2.1 Industrial Wiping Paper 1876.4.2.2 Kitchen Absorbent Oil-absorbing Paper 1886.4.2.3 Humidity Regulation Cling Paper 1886.4.2.4 Medical Absorbent Paper 1896.4.2.5 Facial Oil Blotting Paper 1896.5 Hydrophilic and Oleophobic Paper-Based Functional Materials 1906.5.1 Preparation 1906.5.2 Application 1906.5.2.1 Grease-proof Paper 1906.5.2.2 Oil Repellent 1916.5.2.3 Greaseproof Paper for Food Packaging 1926.5.2.4 Oil–water Separation Membrane 1936.6 Prospect 194References 1957 Flame-Retardant and Heat Insulation Paper-Based Functional Materials 2017.1 Flame-Retardant Paper-Based Functional Materials 2017.1.1 Classification of Flame Retardants for Paper-Based Functional Materials 2017.1.1.1 Organic Flame Retardants 2027.1.1.2 Inorganic Flame Retardants 2027.1.1.3 Nano Flame Retardants 2047.1.2 Flame-Retardant Mechanism of Paper-Based Functional Materials 2057.1.2.1 The Combustion Process of Paper-Based Functional Materials 2057.1.2.2 Flame-Retardant Mechanism of Paper-Based Functional Materials 2067.1.3 Preparation of Flame-Retardant Paper-Based Functional Materials 2077.1.3.1 Internal addition 2087.1.3.2 Surface Coating 2097.1.3.3 Impregnation 2097.1.4 Application of Flame-Retardant Paper-Based Functional Materials 2107.1.4.1 Wallpaper 2107.1.4.2 Packaging Materials 2107.1.4.3 Honeycomb Paper 2117.1.4.4 Filter Paper 2127.1.4.5 Electrical Insulation Paper 2137.1.5 Prospect 2137.2 Thermal Insulation Paper-Based Functional Materials 2147.2.1 Classification of Thermal Insulation Paper-Based Functional Materials 2147.2.1.1 Organic Thermal Insulation Materials 2147.2.1.2 Inorganic Thermal Insulation Materials 2157.2.1.3 Metal Thermal Insulation Materials 2157.2.1.4 Aerogel Thermal Insulation Materials 2157.2.2 Thermal Transfer Principle of Paper-Based Functional Materials 2157.2.3 Preparation of Thermal Insulation Paper-Based Functional Materials 2167.2.3.1 Direct Casting Method for Thermal Insulation Fibers 2167.2.3.2 Wet End Addition 2177.2.3.3 Papermaking Method with Mixed Fibers 2177.2.3.4 Surface Coating Method 2177.2.4 Applications of Thermal Insulation Paper-Based Functional Materials 2187.2.4.1 Insulation Thermal Paper Used in the Power Sector 2187.2.4.2 Thermal Insulation Paper-Based Functional Materials in Food Packaging 2197.2.4.3 Thermal Insulation Paper-Based Functional Materials in Daily Life 219References 2208 Paper-Based Functional Materials for Filtration and Separation 2238.1 Overview 2238.2 Fundamentals of Filtration and Separation 2268.2.1 Gas Filtration and Separation 2278.2.1.1 Mechanism 2278.2.1.2 Filtration Process 2278.2.2 Liquid Filtration and Separation 2288.2.2.1 Filtration Types 2288.2.2.2 Fundamentals of Filtration 2308.3 Preparation of Paper-Based Functional Materials for Filtration and Separation 2318.3.1 Preparation of Wet-Laid Nonwoven Fabric 2328.3.1.1 Wet-Laid Nonwoven Fabric Production Process 2328.3.1.2 Types of Fibers 2328.3.1.3 Fundamentals of Wet-Laid Nonwoven Fabric Formation 2328.3.1.4 Formation Equipment of Wet-Laid Nonwoven Fabric 2338.3.1.5 Fiber Bonding and Reinforcement Technology 2348.3.2 Nonwoven Fabric Composite Technology 2368.3.2.1 Adhesive Composite 2378.3.2.2 Heat Bonding Composite 2378.3.2.3 Mechanical Bonding Composite 2388.4 Applications of Paper-Based Functional Materials for Filtration and Separation 2408.4.1 Automotive Filtration 2408.4.2 High-Efficiency Air Filtration 2418.4.3 Water Filtration 2438.4.4 Battery Separator Paper 2438.4.5 Face Masks 244References 2469 Paper-Based Functional Materials for Analysis and Detection 2479.1 Development of Paper-Based Functional Materials for Analysis and Detection 2479.2 Fabrication Methods for Paper-Based Analytical Detection Chips 2519.2.1 Physical Barrier/Deposition Method 2539.2.1.1 Wax Patterning Method 2539.2.1.2 Drawing Method 2549.2.1.3 Physical Inkjet Etching Method 2549.2.1.4 Screen Printing Method 2559.2.1.5 Flexographic Printing Method 2559.2.1.6 Cutting Method 2559.2.2 Chemical Modification Method 2559.2.2.1 Photolithography Method 2559.2.2.2 Inkjet Printing Method 2569.2.2.3 Plasma Treatment Method 2569.2.2.4 Chemical Etching Method 2569.2.3 Paper Modification Method 2579.3 Detection Methods of Paper-Based Functional Materials for Analysis and Detection 2579.3.1 Electrochemical Method 2589.3.2 Chemiluminescence Method 2589.3.3 Electrochemiluminescence Method 2599.3.4 Fluorescence Method 2599.3.5 Colorimetric Method 2609.4 Applications of Paper-Based Functional Materials for Analysis and Detection 2609.4.1 Application of Paper-Based Detection Chips in Medical Diagnosis 2609.4.1.1 Analysis of Proteins 2609.4.1.2 Analysis of Nucleic Acids 2619.4.1.3 Analysis of Cells 2629.4.1.4 Analysis of Other Small Molecules/Ions 2629.4.2 Application of Paper-Based Detection Chips in Environmental Monitoring 2629.4.3 Application of Paper-Based Detection Chips in Food Safety Control 2639.4.3.1 Detection of Food Additives 2639.4.3.2 Detection of Pesticide Residues 2639.4.3.3 Detection of Bacteria 2649.5 Application Cases of Paper-Based Functional Materials for Analysis and Detection 2649.5.1 Optimization and Regulation of Blood Typing Paper-Chip and Paper-Based Structure 2659.5.2 Paper-Based Chip for Measuring Heavy Metal Ions inWater Based on Optical Transmittance Density 2689.5.3 Paper-Based Chip for High-Throughput Detection of Antibiotics in Milk 2689.5.4 Construction of Composite Substrate for Paper-Based Chips and Optimization of Physical and Detection Performance 2729.6 Future Prospects of Paper-Based Functional Materials for Analysis and Detection 273References 27410 Other Paper-Based Functional Materials 28310.1 Cream Paper-Based Functional Materials 28310.1.1 Overview 28310.1.1.1 Definition of Cream Paper-Based Functional Materials 28310.1.1.2 Characteristics of Cream Paper-Based Functional Materials 28310.1.2 Preparation Technology and Principles of Cream 28910.1.2.1 Smoothing Technology 28910.1.2.2 High Moisturizing Technology 29210.1.3 Preparation of Cream Paper 29510.1.3.1 Online Spraying Method 29510.1.3.2 Rotary Spraying Method 29510.1.3.3 Gravure Roller Coating Method 29510.1.3.4 High-Precision Spraying Method 29610.1.4 Outlook 29610.2 Photocatalytic Paper-Based Functional Materials 29610.2.1 Overview of Photocatalytic Materials 29610.2.1.1 Background of Photocatalytic Materials Research 29610.2.1.2 Classification of Photocatalytic Materials 29710.2.1.3 Application Areas of Photocatalytic Materials 29710.2.2 Nano TiO2 Photocatalytic Material 29910.2.2.1 Structure of Nano TiO2 Photocatalytic Material 29910.2.2.2 Nano TiO2 Photocatalysis Principle 30010.2.2.3 Factors Affecting the Photocatalytic Activity of Nano TiO2 30110.2.3 Photocatalytic Paper-Based Functional Materials Application Research 30210.2.3.1 Air Pollution Degradation 30310.2.3.2 Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic 30610.2.3.3 Superhydrophobic 30610.2.3.4 Application in Aramid Paper 30710.2.3.5 Flexible Supercapacitors 30810.2.4 Prospect 30910.3 Basic Functional Materials for Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Paper 30910.3.1 Overview 30910.3.1.1 Definition of Basic Functional Materials for Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Paper 30910.3.1.2 Current Status of the Development of Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Materials 31010.3.2 Types and Characteristics 31410.3.2.1 Traditional Preservation Functional Materials 31410.3.2.2 Antibacterial Preservation Paper-Based Materials 31710.3.3 Preparation Technology 32610.3.3.1 Papermaking Combined Preparation Technology 32710.3.3.2 Infiltration Combined Treatment Technology 32810.3.3.3 Coating Combined Treatment Technology 32810.3.3.4 Sandwich Combined Design Technology 32910.3.4 Outlook 33010.4 Electromagnetic Shielding Paper-Based Functional Materials 33010.4.1 Overview 33010.4.2 Shielding Mechanism of Electromagnetic Shielding Materials 33110.4.3 Classification and Development of Electromagnetic Shielding Materials 33210.4.3.1 Classification of Electromagnetic Shielding Materials 33210.4.3.2 Development History of Electromagnetic Shielding Materials 33310.4.4 Research Status of Electromagnetic Shielding Paper-Based Functional Materials at Home and Abroad 33410.4.5 Preparation Methods and Functional Characteristics of Electromagnetic Shielding Paper-Based Functional Materials 33510.4.5.1 Preparation of Basic Shielding Materials for Electromagnetic Shielding Paper-Based Functional Materials 33610.4.5.2 Forming Techniques and Functional Characteristics of Electromagnetic Shielding Paper-Based Functional Materials 33610.4.6 Applications of Electromagnetic Shielding Paper-Based Functional Materials 33810.4.7 Outlook 34010.5 Paper-Based Functional Materials for Decorative Base Paper 34110.5.1 Overview 34110.5.2 The Quality Requirements of Decorative Base Paper 34310.5.3 Functional Materials and Characteristics of Decorative Base Paper 34410.5.3.1 Inorganic filler 34410.5.3.2 Retention Aid 34610.5.3.3 Wet Strength Agent 34710.5.3.4 Wear-resistant Materials 34810.5.4 The Application of Functional Materials in Decorative Base Paper 34910.5.4.1 Add in Pulp 34910.5.4.2 Surface Coating 35110.5.5 Outlook 35210.6 Thermal-Sensitive Paper 35310.6.1 Introduction 35310.6.1.1 Development 35310.6.1.2 Thermal Printing Mechanism 35310.6.1.3 Application 35410.6.2 Quality and Requirements 35510.6.3 Thermal Functional Materials 35610.6.3.1 Thermal-Sensitive Chemicals 35610.6.3.2 Heat Insulation Material 35810.6.3.3 Other Functional Materials 35910.6.4 Production Process 36010.6.4.1 Base Paper 36010.6.4.2 Precoat 36110.6.4.3 Thermal Coat 36110.6.4.4 Top Coat Layer 36110.6.4.5 Drying 36110.6.4.6 Calendering 36110.6.5 Prospect of Industry 361Reference 362Index 369