Okina Kyūin and the Politics of Early Japanese Immigration to the United States, 1868-1924

Ikuko Torimoto is a native of Japan and associate professor of modern languages and literature at St. Norbert College, De Pere, Wisconsin.

• Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsForeword by Wayne PattersonPrefacePart One. Japanese Exploration of the Western World: Early Japanese Visitors to Europe and the Americas1. Date Masamune’s Odyssey: Exploring the Outside World in the Early Edo Period2. Dispatch of Embassies and Students to the West3. Chinese Crossing the Pacific Ocean4. John Henry Schnell Leads the First Japanese Emigrants to North America5. Early Japanese Pioneers in the United States6. Japanese Students in the United StatesPart Two. Okina Kyūin on the American West Coast, 1907–19247. Okina Kyūin, an Extraordinary Japanese8. Cultural Journalism on the American West Coast9. Seattle, Washington, 1907–190810. ­Nihonjin-machi (Japantown) in Seattle11. Bremerton, 1908–190912. Japanese-American Newspapers in Seattle13. The ­End-of-the-Year Dinner: The Zabuton (Japanese Sitting Cushion) Incident14. A Literary Man’s Play15. In Portland and Astoria, 1910–191116. “Satō no Himitsu” (Satō’s Secret Life Story)17. “Yonkagetsuhan” (Four and a Half Months)18. Aspiration to Write for ­Japanese-American Newspapers19. Return to Japan, 1913–191420. Back to Seattle21. Okina and the Furuya Company (1914)22. Life in Stockton (1914–1917)23. Stockton’s Japantown24. Okina’s Wife Arrives in San Francisco25. Shashin Kekkon: Picture Brides26. The Stockton Nihonjinkai (Japanese Association of Stockton)27. Ushijima Kinji, President of the Zaibei Nihonjinkai28. Okina Visits Mizutani Bangoku of the Ōfu Nippō (The Sacramento Daily News)29. Editor of the Ōfu Nippō at Stockton30. “Jun Iminchi Bungaku no Bokkō Jidai” (Time of the Coming of Age of Real Immigrant Literature)31. “Kakeochi” (Runaway)32. “Aku no Hikage” (Shadow of Evil)33. Journalists from Leading Newspaper Companies in Japan34. Florin, 1916–191735. Life in Oakland, 1917–192436. Oakland’s Japantown37. Secretary of the Oakland Nihonjinkai (Japanese Association of Oakland)38. Many Visitors39. A Most Distinguished and Influential Japanese American, Abiko Kyūtarō40. Editor of the Nichi Bei (The Japanese American News)41. “Sukesan wa Doko e Iku?” (Where Does ­Suke-san Go?)42. “Kusareen” (An Unseverable Relationship)43. The Literary Portrayal of Japanese Immigrant Women in the U.S.44. Okina Becomes a Father45. The 1921–1922 Washington Conference46. “Oyagoroshi” (Killing One’s Parents) and “Nihonjin no Ko” (Children of Japanese Parents)Part Three. The Japanese Government’s Policy on Emigration to the United States 47. Japanese-American Diplomatic Relations: The First Japanese Consulate48. Early Diplomacy: From the Kanyaku Imin Period to the Annexation of Hawai‘i in July 189849. Japanese Immigrant Settlements in California, 1885–1907, and the Gentlemen’s Agreement50. The ­Anti-Japanese Movement in California and the 1913 Alien Land Law51. Further Immigration Bills, 1917–1924, and Continued NegotiationsConclusionAppendix: A Chronology of Okina Kyūin’s PublicationsChapter NotesBibliographyIndex