Numerical Weather Prediction and Data Assimilation

Inbunden, Engelska, 2020

Av Petros Katsafados, Elias Mavromatidis, Christos Spyrou, Greece) Katsafados, Petros (Harokopio University, Athens, Greece) Mavromatidis, Elias (Harokopio University, Athens, Greece) Spyrou, Christos (National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens

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This book has as main aim to be an introductory textbook of applied knowledge in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), which is a method of weather forecasting that employs: A set of equations that describe the flow of fluids translated into computer code, combined with parameterizations of other processes, applied on a specific domain and integrated in the basis of initial and domain boundary conditions. Current weather observations serve as input to the numerical computer models through a process called data assimilation to produce atmospheric properties in the future (e.g. temperature, precipitation, and a lot of other meteorological parameters). Various case studies will be also presented and analyzed through this book.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2020-07-31
Mått160 x 236 x 20 mm
Vikt499 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor224
FörlagISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781786301413

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Preface viiIntroduction ixChapter 1. The Primitive Equations 11.1. Wind forecast equations (conservation of momentum) 11.1.1. Real forces 61.1.2. Apparent forces 141.1.3. Equation of motion 171.2. Continuity equation (conservation of mass) 191.3. Temperature forecast equation (conservation of energy) 211.4. Moisture forecast equation (conservation of water vapor) 261.5. Synopsis of equations 26Chapter 2. Solving Methods in NWP Models 312.1. Decomposition of variables – the perturbation method 312.1.1. Synoptic scale equations 392.1.2. Mesoscale equations 402.2. Numerical solutions of partial differential equations 432.2.1. Computations by finite difference schemes 442.2.2. Derivation of finite difference representations 462.2.3. Methods for solving the advection–diffusion equation 502.3. Time splitting 63Chapter 3. Domain Structures and Boundary Conditions 673.1. Horizontal grid structure and resolution 683.2. The vertical coordinate system 713.2.1. Terrain-following coordinate system 723.3. Boundary conditions 863.3.1. Lateral boundary conditions 883.3.2. Upper (top) boundary conditions 903.3.3. Lower (bottom) boundary conditions 903.4. Design of a simulation 99Chapter 4. Introduction to Data Assimilation 1014.1. Successive correction methods 1024.2. Least square method 1034.3. Variational approach 1084.4. Generalization of the methods 114Chapter 5. Desert Dust Modeling 1195.1. Dust uptake mechanisms formulation 1215.2. Dust advection and deposition 1275.3. Parameterization of the dust feedbacks on climate 132Chapter 6. Simulations of Extreme Weather and Dust Events 1436.1. Case study 1: numerical simulation of a Mediterranean cyclone and its sensitivity on lower boundary conditions 1436.1.1. Description of the synoptic conditions 1436.1.2. Design of the simulations 1456.1.3. Analysis of the numerical simulations 1476.2. Case study 2: nowcasting an extreme precipitation event 1516.2.1. Synoptic analysis of the event 1516.2.2. Nowcasting methodology and results 1536.3. Case study 3: seasonal predictability of a large-scale heat wave 1576.3.1. Description of the synoptic conditions 1586.3.2. Model description and methodology 1596.3.3. Predictability assessment 1616.4. Numerical study of a severe desert dust storm over Crete 163Appendices 169Appendix 1 171Appendix 2 179References 197Index 207