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Novel Beings is a forward-looking exploration into the divide between proactive and reactive regulatory approaches to the cross-section of biotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) research. Addressing an innovative area of academic study, Novel Beings questions how this research, which has the potential to create new forms of morally valuable life, could be regulated. This fascinating book examines the promises and perils of conflicting approaches to regulating emerging technologies in the unique context of this probable challenge for law and society. An impressive, and multidisciplinary, selection of expert contributors offer considerations vital to any attempt to address these issues before they become impossible to prevent or rectify. Chapters explore technologies such as genomics, synthetic biology and neurotechnologies, as well the profusion of ‘expert systems’ – algorithms and simple AI that interweave through everyday life, from smart assistants, to the financial markets, to social media. David Lawrence and Sarah Morley also discuss the global challenges for society and the laws regarding the status of these technological beings, their protections and obligations.This book will appeal to researchers and academics who are interested in the regulation of emerging technology. It will also provide a beneficial new resource for scholars and postgraduate students studying emerging technology in different fields, such as law, bioethics and philosophy.
Edited by David R. Lawrence, Durham Law School, Durham University and Sarah Morley, Newcastle Law School, Newcastle University, UK
Contents:Introduction 1PART I PROACTIVE REGULATION1 Embedded ethics as preparatory regulation of technology:a new solution to the Collingridge Dilemma? 12Daniel Tigard2 Repugnance, denial, and fear: societal challenges forregulation of novel beings 29David R. Lawrence3 Morally significant technology: a case against merecorporate self-regulation 46Sarah Morley4 Beware Oz the Great and Powerful: sci-fi determinism,flawed artificial intelligence and emerging regulatory frameworks 83Alan Dignam5 Newer technologies, older attitudes, and retrograde regulation 124David R. Lawrence and John HarrisPART II REACTIVE REGULATION6 Being novel? Regulating emerging technologies underconditions of uncertainty 140Joseph T.F. Roberts and Muireann Quigley7 The “ethical” regulation of “novel being” technologies:the potential role for patents as ethical drivers, blockersand guiders? 171Aisling McMahon8 A phased approach to protection of artificial beings 194Colin Gavaghan and Mike King9 Concluding remarks 223Index
‘As technologies lead inexorably to the creation of intelligent beings, the need to find practical solutions to questions of moral value, status, and resulting obligations becomes increasingly urgent. This important collection depicts challenges and marks a significant advancement in the field of biolaw in its articulation of potential proactive and reactive regulatory solutions.’