Nigeria, often referred to as the “Giant of Africa,” is the most populous black nation on Earth and one of the most resource-rich countries in the world. Yet, the country is frequently cited as a paradox in global development circles: rich in resources, but grappling with persistent socioeconomic challenges. Nigeria History, Society, and Social Change in the Twenty-first Century, edited by Akanmu G. Adebayo, Olutayo Charles Adesina, and Rasheed Owoyele Ajetunmobi, explores the underlying factors behind the country’s paradoxical development trajectories. The editors and contributing authors did an excellent job in presenting insightful analyses and perspectives on the complexities and dynamism of Nigerian society. The work reviews efforts to address challenging situations, highlights periods of error, and identifies future areas that need to be addressed. In all, the publication has shown, with concrete historical evidence, that the country’s development paradox is not insurmountable. With visionary leadership, responsible resource management, and inclusive policies, the country can transform its vast human and natural resources into lasting prosperity for all its citizens. Though the journey ahead is challenging, the potential rewards are immense, not just for Nigeria, but for the entire African continent and the world at large. The book is an essential read for scholars, policymakers, and all those seeking to engage thoughtfully with Nigeria’s evolving narrative.