Neuroscience Research in Short-Duration Human Spaceflight

Neuroscience Research in Short-Duration Human Spaceflight: The Axiom 2 Mission encapsulates a groundbreaking neuroscience portfolio conducted during the Axiom-2 space mission in May 2023, offering a comprehensive examination of the effects of short-duration spaceflight on the human brain. Addressing limitations in existing literature, the research includes astronauts of diverse ages and ethnic backgrounds, broadening the understanding of microgravity's impact on human physiology. A significant aspect of the suite of studies is the validation of two novel devices, automated pupillometry and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, providing unprecedented information about the pupillary light reflex and neuroimaging in microgravity. The portfolio extends to explore Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome, offering valuable contributions to the evolving field of space medicine. Furthermore, the research delves into the utilization of electroencephalography to monitor brain activity, acknowledging its potential in assessing cognitive health, stress levels, and mental workload in real-time. Despite promising prospects, challenges in EEG system adaptability within the International Space Station environment are highlighted, emphasizing the need for specialized design considerations. This book represents a pivotal advancement in space neuroscience, laying the foundation for safer space travel and fostering the development of monitoring tools.