Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) with a Touch of SDN

Häftad, Engelska, 2017

Av Rajendra Chayapathi, Syed Hassan, Paresh Shah

799 kr

Slutsåld

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) will drive dramatic cost reductions while also accelerating service delivery. Using NFV with SDN, network owners can provision new functions rapidly on demand, improve scalability, and leverage microservices. Benefits like these will make NFV indispensable for service providers, mobile operators, telcos, and enterprises alike. Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) with a Touch of SDN is the first practical introduction to NFV’s fundamental concepts, techniques, and use cases. Written for wide audiences of network engineers, architects, planners, and operators, it assumes no previous knowledge of NFV architecture, deployment, or management. The authors first explain how virtualization, VMs, containers, and related technologies establish the foundation for the NFV transformation. Next, they show how these concepts and technologies can be applied to virtualize network functions in the cloud, data centers, routing, security, and the mobile packet core. You’ll discover new tools and techniques for managing and orchestrating virtualized network devices, and gain new clarity on how SDN and NFV interact and interrelate. By the time you’re done, you’ll be ready to assess vendor claims, evaluate architectures, and plan NFV’s role in your own networks. Understand NFV’s key benefits and market drivers Review how virtualization makes NFV possible Consider key issues associated with NFV network design and deployment Integrate NFV into existing network designs Orchestrate, build, and deploy NFV networks and cloud services Maximize operational efficiency by building more programmable, automated networks Understand how NFV and SDN work together Address security, programmability, performance, and service function chaining Preview evolving concepts that will shape NFV’s future

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2017-02-13
Mått179 x 229 x 18 mm
Vikt588 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor368
FörlagPearson Education (US)
ISBN9780134463056

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Rajendra Chayapathi is a Senior Solution Architect in Cisco’s professional and consulting services organization. His most recent work has been on emerging technologies such as NFV, SDN, programmability and network orchestration and its adoption in the industry. He has over twenty years of experience in networking technologies, customer interaction, and networking products; his focus is on network design and architecture. He has previously worked in Cisco’s engineering teams where he was involved on various network operating systems and product development. Before his employment at Cisco, he provided consultancy services to AT&T and financial institutions for the design and deployment of IP core network technologies. He has been a regular speaker at multiple technology conferences such as Cisco Live, Cisco Connect and NANOG. Rajendra has a CCIE (#4991) in Routing and Switching and also holds a Bachelor’s degree in Electronics and Communication from University of Mysore, India and a Masters’ degree in Business Administration with a focus on technology Management from University of Phoenix, USA. Syed Farrukh Hassan has been in the networking industry for fifteen years, and is currently a Senior Solutions Architect in Cisco’s professional and consulting services organization. He has worked with various Internet and cloud service providers, helping them in adoption of innovative network technologies and supporting them in design and deployment of new architectures. In his current role, Syed is involved in SDN and NFV adoption, providing guidance, future strategy, and planning to service provider, enterprise, and data center customers. Syed has previously been part of engineering teams within Cisco and has been an active contributor towards design and innovation of network products and solutions. Syed has been a regular speaker in public forums and conferences and is recognized as a Cisco Live Distinguished Speaker. Syed is a double CCIE in Service Provider and Data Center technologies (#21617) and also a VMware Certified Network Virtualization Professional (VCP-NV). He holds a Bachelors’ degree in Engineering from NED University, Pakistan, and a Masters’ degree in Engineering from the University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. Paresh Shah has been in the network industry for more than twenty years and currently working as a Director in Cisco’s professional and consulting services organization. He is responsible for bringing to market new disruptive services based on cutting-edge technologies and solutions to achieve successful deployment in customer networks. Paresh has led various global engineering and customer-facing groups in the service provider market and is a veteran of the high-end routing, service provider, enterprise, and cloud segments. He started his career as an engineer in 1996 building one of the first high-speed multi-services routers in the industry and was responsible for adoption of new technologies then, like MPLS, BGP, and L2/L3 VPN and new operating systems like IOS-XR. Paresh is leading the adoption of NFV, SDN, and segment routing consultancy services and driving the solutions for cloud-providers, traditional service providers, and enterprises that are looking to adopt these new technologies. Paresh is a regular speaker at industry conferences such as Cisco Live, NANOG, and SANOG, with a pulse on the latest trends in the industry. He has a Bachelors’ degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Pune, India and a Masters’ degree focusing in Networking and Telecommunications from University of Missouri-Kansas City, USA.

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiiiAcknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvAbout the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviiAbout the Technical Reviewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xixIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiChapter 1: The Journey to Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) Era . . .1The Evolution of Network Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Traditional Network Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Introducing NFV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5NFV Architectural Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Need for a Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7ETSI Framework for NFV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Understanding the ETSI Framework . . . . . . . . . . . 10A Closer Look at ETSI’s NFV Framework . . . . . . . . . 13NFV Framework Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Benefits of NFV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Hardware Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Faster Service Life Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Scalability and Elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Leveraging Existing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Rapid Development and Vendor Independence . . . . . . . 29Validation of New Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Amorphous Service Offering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Operational Efficiency and Agility . . . . . . . . . . . . 30NFV Market Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Movement to Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31New Business Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Capital Expense Savings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Operational Expense Savings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Barrier of Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Chapter 2: Virtualization Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37History and Background of Virtualization . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Virtualization Benefits and Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Server Virtualization, Network Virtualization, and NFV . . . 41Virtualization Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Virtualization versus Emulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Components of a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Resource Allocation to the Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . 53Network Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Packaging a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Commonly Used Hypervisors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Linux Containers and Docker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Understanding Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Container versus Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Application Container and OS Container . . . . . . . . . 70Enter Docker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Container Packaging–Beyond Docker . . . . . . . . . . 76Single and Multitenant Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Virtualization and NFV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Chapter 3: Virtualization of Network Functions . . . . . . . . . . .83Designing NFV Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83NFV Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84NFV Transformation Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Virtualization of Network Infrastructure and Services . . . . . . . 118NFV for Routing Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Virtualization of Network Security . . . . . . . . . . . 127Virtualization of Mobile Communication Networks . . . . 129Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Chapter 4: NFV Deployment in the Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . .137What’s in a Cloud? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Characteristics of Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Cloud-Based Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Cloud Deployment Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142NFV and Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Revisiting ETSI Management and Orchestration Block . . . . . . 145MANO Data Repositories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Orchestrating, Deploying, and Managing NFV Infrastructure . . . . 157Hardware Virtualization Deployment Options . . . . . . . 158Deploying Virtual Machines and Containers . . . . . . . 160Software and Tools for NFVI Deployment . . . . . . . . 164Introduction to OpenStack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167So What Is OpenStack? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167A Brief History of OpenStack . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168OpenStack Releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169OpenStack Deployment Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169OpenStack Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183OpenStack Deployment Nodes Revisited . . . . . . . . . 192OpenStack High Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193Live Migration for VNF mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . 200Deploying OpenStack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201Using OpenStack as VIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204Life Cycle Management of VNFs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211VNFM Software Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Orchestration and Deployment of Network Services . . . . . . . 214Cisco’s Network Service Orchestrator . . . . . . . . . . 214Telefonica’s OpenMANO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Brocade VNF Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Nokia’s CloudBand Network Director . . . . . . . . . . 215Ciena’s Blue Planet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215HP’s NFV Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Ericsson Cloud Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215OpenStack Tracker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216RIFT.io’s RIFT.ware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216NFV MANO and Open Source Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . 216Open Platform NFV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216Open Orchestration Project (Open-O) . . . . . . . . . . 218Open Source MANO (OSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Describing Network Service Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . 219Juju Charms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219HOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219TOSCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224Chapter 5: Software Defined Networking (SDN) . . . . . . . . . . .227Basic Concepts of SDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227What is SDN? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230Advantages of SDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231SDN Implementation and Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234Introduction to SDN Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . 234SDN Implementation Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235SDN Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238SDN Use-Cases for Different Networking Domains . . . . . . . . 251SDN in the Data Center (SDN DC) . . . . . . . . . . . 251SDN in Service Provider Cloud (SP SDN) . . . . . . . . . 254SDN in Wide-Area Networks (SD WAN) . . . . . . . . . 257Enterprise SDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260Transport SDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Revisiting SDN Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265Open Source SDN Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265Commercial SDN Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269SDN Correlation with NFV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273CORD–An Example of NFV and SDN Working Together . . 276Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283Chapter 6: Stitching It All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285Service Function Chaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287Service Chaining in a Traditional Network . . . . . . . . 288Service Function Chaining for Cloud Scaling . . . . . . . 289Network Service Header (NSH) . . . . . . . . . . . . 294Other Protocols for SFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302Service Chaining Use Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302How Virtual Machines Communicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304Virtual Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305Single Root Input/Output Virtualization andSharing (SR-IOV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306Direct Memory Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307Enhancing vSwitch Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK) . . . . . . . . . . 309Vector Packet Processing (VPP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310Data Performance Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314CPU Usage Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315Optimized Use of Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317Programmability in a Virtualized Network . . . . . . . . . . . 317Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322Appendix A: Answers to Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 3259780134463056, TOC, 10/28/2016