The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) plays a crucial role in maintaining the safety, efficiency, and orderly flow of air traffic across the national airspace. Air traffic controllers, armed with advanced technologies, manage communications, monitor weather and navigation, and ensure the smooth transition of aircraft from takeoff to landing—safely handling up to 50,000 flights per day. As air travel demand grows at an estimated 6.2 percent annually, the FAA faces increasing challenges in sustaining its mission amid aging air traffic control (ATC) systems. From outdated technologies and a shortage of technical expertise to the rising pressures of airspace congestion, modernization has become an urgent priority. This book delves into the legislative actions, policy advancements, and infrastructure reforms shaping the future of FAA operations, offering a comprehensive examination of the agency’s flight plan for the decades ahead.