Nalluri And Featherstone's Civil Engineering Hydraulics

Martin Marriott is a chartered civil engineer with degrees from the Universities of Cambridge, London (Imperial College) and Hertfordshire. He has wide professional experience in the UK and overseas with major firms of consulting engineers, and many years of experience as a lecturer in higher education. He has an academic management role in the School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering at the University of East London.

• Preface to Sixth Edition xiAbout the Author xiiiSymbols xv1 Properties of Fluids 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Engineering units 11.3 Mass density and specific weight 21.4 Relative density 21.5 Viscosity of fluids 21.6 Compressibility and elasticity of fluids 21.7 Vapour pressure of liquids 21.8 Surface tension and capillarity 3Worked examples 3References and recommended reading 5Problems 52 Fluid Statics 72.1 Introduction 72.2 Pascal’s law 72.3 Pressure variation with depth in a static incompressible fluid 82.4 Pressure measurement 92.5 Hydrostatic thrust on plane surfaces 112.6 Pressure diagrams 142.7 Hydrostatic thrust on curved surfaces 152.8 Hydrostatic buoyant thrust 172.9 Stability of floating bodies 172.10 Determination of metacentre 182.11 Periodic time of rolling (or oscillation) of a floating body 202.12 Liquid ballast and the effective metacentric height 202.13 Relative equilibrium 22Worked examples 24Reference and recommended reading 41Problems 413 Fluid Flow Concepts and Measurements 473.1 Kinematics of fluids 473.2 Steady and unsteady flows 483.3 Uniform and non-uniform flows 483.4 Rotational and irrotational flows 493.5 One-, two- and three-dimensional flows 493.6 Streamtube and continuity equation 493.7 Accelerations of fluid particles 503.8 Two kinds of fluid flow 513.9 Dynamics of fluid flow 523.10 Energy equation for an ideal fluid flow 523.11 Modified energy equation for real fluid flows 543.12 Separation and cavitation in fluid flow 553.13 Impulse–momentum equation 563.14 Energy losses in sudden transitions 573.15 Flow measurement through pipes 583.16 Flow measurement through orifices and mouthpieces 603.17 Flow measurement in channels 64Worked examples 69References and recommended reading 85Problems 854 Flow of Incompressible Fluids in Pipelines 894.1 Resistance in circular pipelines flowing full 894.2 Resistance to flow in non-circular sections 944.3 Local losses 94Worked examples 95References and recommended reading 115Problems 1155 Pipe Network Analysis 1195.1 Introduction 1195.2 The head balance method (‘loop’ method) 1205.3 The quantity balance method (‘nodal’ method) 1215.4 The gradient method 123Worked examples 125References and recommended reading 142Problems 1436 Pump–Pipeline System Analysis and Design 1496.1 Introduction 1496.2 Hydraulic gradient in pump–pipeline systems 1506.3 Multiple pump systems 1516.4 Variable-speed pump operation 1536.5 Suction lift limitations 153Worked examples 154References and recommended reading 168Problems 1687 Boundary Layers on Flat Plates and in Ducts 1717.1 Introduction 1717.2 The laminar boundary layer 1717.3 The turbulent boundary layer 1727.4 Combined drag due to both laminar and turbulent boundary layers 1737.5 The displacement thickness 1737.6 Boundary layers in turbulent pipe flow 1747.7 The laminar sub-layer 176Worked examples 178References and recommended reading 185Problems 1858 Steady Flow in Open Channels 1878.1 Introduction 1878.2 Uniform flow resistance 1888.3 Channels of composite roughness 1898.4 Channels of compound section 1908.5 Channel design 1918.6 Uniform flow in part-full circular pipes 1948.7 Steady, rapidly varied channel flow energy principles 1958.8 The momentum equation and the hydraulic jump 1968.9 Steady, gradually varied open channel flow 1988.10 Computations of gradually varied flow 1998.11 The direct step method 1998.12 The standard step method 2008.13 Canal delivery problems 2018.14 Culvert flow 2028.15 Spatially varied flow in open channels 203Worked examples 205References and recommended reading 241Problems 2419 Dimensional Analysis, Similitude and Hydraulic Models 2479.1 Introduction 2479.2 Dimensional analysis 2489.3 Physical significance of non-dimensional groups 2489.4 The Buckingham 𝜋 theorem 2499.5 Similitude and model studies 249Worked examples 250References and recommended reading 263Problems 26310 Ideal Fluid Flow and Curvilinear Flow 26510.1 Ideal fluid flow 26510.2 Streamlines, the stream function 26510.3 Relationship between discharge and stream function 26610.4 Circulation and the velocity potential function 26710.5 Stream functions for basic flow patterns 26710.6 Combinations of basic flow patterns 26910.7 Pressure at points in the flow field 26910.8 The use of flow nets and numerical methods 27010.9 Curvilinear flow of real fluids 27310.10 Free and forced vortices 274Worked examples 274References and recommended reading 285Problems 28511 Gradually Varied Unsteady Flow from Reservoirs 28911.1 Discharge between reservoirs under varying head 28911.2 Unsteady flow over a spillway 29111.3 Flow establishment 292Worked examples 293References and recommended reading 302Problems 30212 Mass Oscillations and Pressure Transients in Pipelines 30512.1 Mass oscillation in pipe systems – surge chamber operation 30512.2 Solution neglecting tunnel friction and throttle losses for sudden discharge stoppage 30612.3 Solution including tunnel and surge chamber losses for sudden discharge stoppage 30712.4 Finite difference methods in the solution of the surge chamber equations 30812.5 Pressure transients in pipelines (waterhammer) 30912.6 The basic differential equations of waterhammer 31112.7 Solutions of the waterhammer equations 31212.8 The Allievi equations 31212.9 Alternative formulation 315Worked examples 316References and recommended reading 322Problems 32213 Unsteady Flow in Channels 32313.1 Introduction 32313.2 Gradually varied unsteady flow 32313.3 Surges in open channels 32413.4 The upstream positive surge 32513.5 The downstream positive surge 32613.6 Negative surge waves 32713.7 The dam break 329Worked examples 330References and recommended reading 333Problems 33314 Uniform Flow in Loose-Boundary Channels 33514.1 Introduction 33514.2 Flow regimes 33514.3 Incipient (threshold) motion 33514.4 Resistance to flow in alluvial (loose-bed) channels 33714.5 Velocity distributions in loose-boundary channels 33914.6 Sediment transport 33914.7 Bed load transport 34014.8 Suspended load transport 34314.9 Total load transport 34514.10 Regime channel design 34614.11 Rigid-bed channels with sediment transport 350Worked examples 352References and recommended reading 367Problems 36815 Hydraulic Structures 37115.1 Introduction 37115.2 Spillways 37115.3 Energy dissipators and downstream scour protection 376Worked examples 379References and recommended reading 389Problems 39016 Environmental Hydraulics and Engineering Hydrology 39316.1 Introduction 39316.2 Analysis of gauged river flow data 39316.3 River Thames discharge data 39516.4 Flood alleviation, sustainability and environmental channels 39616.5 Project appraisal 397Worked examples 398References and recommended reading 405Problems 40617 Introduction to Coastal Engineering 40917.1 Introduction 40917.2 Waves and wave theories 40917.3 Wave processes 42017.4 Wave set-down and set-up 42817.5 Wave impact, run-up and overtopping 42917.6 Tides, surges and mean sea level 43017.7 Tsunami waves 432Worked examples 433References and recommended reading 438Problems 439Answers 441Index 447