Multi-Mode / Multi-Band RF Transceivers for Wireless Communications

GERNOT HUEBER earned his PhD at the University of Linz, Austria, in 2006. His thesis was "Advanced Concept and Design of Multi-Mode/Multi-System Receivers for Cellular Terminal RFICs." Dr.??Hueber is head of RF Innovations group at DICE GmbH & Co. KG in Linz, Austria, with main responsibility for the research in cellular transceivers. ROBERT BOGDAN STASZEWSKI is a senior design engineer and researcher with over eighteen years of diverse industrial experience in microelectronics and communication systems. Dr. Staszewski earned his PhD in electrical engineering at the University of Texas at Dallas, in 2002, for his work on all-digital PLLs. He is currently Associate Professor at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. He is an IEEE Fellow.

• Contributors xiPreface xiiiI Transceiver Concepts and Design 11 Software-Defined Radio Front Ends 3Jan Craninckx1.1 Introduction 31.2 System-Level Considerations 41.3 Wideband LO Synthesis 51.4 Receiver Building Blocks 121.5 Transmitter Building Blocks 231.6 Calibration Techniques 251.7 Full SDR Implementation 271.8 Conclusions 30References 302 Software-Defined Transceivers 33Gio Cafaro and Bob Stengel2.1 Introduction 332.2 Radio Architectures 342.3 SDR Building Blocks 342.4 Example of an SDR Transceiver 54References 603 Adaptive Multi-Mode RF Front-End Circuits 65Aleksandar Tasic3.1 Introduction 653.2 Adaptive Multi-Mode Low-Power Wireless RF IC Design 663.3 Multi-Mode Receiver Concept 683.4 Design of a Multi-Mode Adaptive RF Front End 703.5 Experimental Results for the Image-Reject Down-Converter 763.6 Conclusions 80References 814 Precise Delay Alignment Between Amplitude and Phase/ Frequency Modulation Paths in a Digital Polar Transmitter 85Khurram Waheed and Robert Bogdan Staszewski4.1 Introduction 854.2 RF Polar Transmitter in Nanoscale CMOS 874.3 Amplitude and Phase Modulation 904.4 Mechanisms to Achieve Subnanosecond Amplitude and Phase Modulation Path Alignments 964.5 Precise Alignment of Multi-Rate Direct and Reference Point Data 101References 1095 Overview of Front-End RF Passive Integration into SoCs 113Hooman Darabi5.1 Introduction 1135.2 The Concept of a Receiver Translational Loop 1195.3 Feedforward Loop Nonideal Effects 1225.4 Feedforward Receiver Circuit Implementations 1255.5 Feedforward Receiver Experimental Results 1295.6 Feedback Notch Filtering for a WCDMA Transmitter 1335.7 Feedback-Based Transmitter Stability Analysis 1385.8 Impacts of Nonidealities in Feedback-Based Transmission 1415.9 Transmitter Building Blocks 1485.10 Feedback-Based Transmitter Measurement Results 1505.11 Conclusions and Discussion 153Appendix 155References 1566 ADCs and DACs for Software-Defined Radio 159Michiel Steyaert, Pieter Palmers, and Koen Cornelissens6.1 Introduction 1596.2 ADC and DAC Requirements in Wireless Systems 1606.3 Multi-Standard Transceiver Architectures 1626.4 Evaluating Reconfigurability 1656.5 ADCs for Software-Defined Radio 1666.6 DACs for Software-Defined Radio 1726.7 Conclusions 184References 184II Receiver Design 1877 OFDM Transform-Domain Receivers for Multi-Standard Communications 189Sebastian Hoyos7.1 Introduction 1897.2 Transform-Domain Receiver Background 1907.3 Transform-Domain Sampling Receiver 1917.4 Digital Baseband Design for the TD Receiver 1957.5 A Comparative Study 2047.6 Simulations 2087.7 Gain–Bandwidth Product Requirement for an Op-Amp in a Charge-Sampling Circuit 2117.8 Sparsity of (GHG)−1 2137.9 Applications 2147.10 Conclusions 215References 2168 Discrete-Time Processing of RF Signals 219Renaldi Winoto and Borivoje Nikolic8.1 Introduction 2198.2 Scaling of an MOS Switch 2218.3 Sampling Mixer 2238.4 Filter Synthesis 2268.5 Noise in Switched-Capacitor Filters 2348.6 Circuit-Design Considerations 2378.7 Perspective and Outlook 242References 2449 Oversampled ADC Using VCO-Based Quantizers 247Matthew Z. Straayer and Michael H. Perrott9.1 Introduction 2479.2 VCO-Quantizer Background 2489.3 SNDR Limitations for VCO-Based Quantization 2529.4 VCO Quantizer ΣΔ ADC Architecture 2579.5 Prototype ΣΔ ADC Example with a VCO Quantizer 2659.6 Conclusions 275References 27610 Reduced External Hardware and Reconfigurable RF Receiver Front Ends for Wireless Mobile Terminals 279Naveen K. Yanduru10.1 Introduction 27910.2 Mobile Terminal Challenges 28010.3 Research Directions Toward a Multi-Band Receiver 28210.4 Multi-Mode Receiver Principles and RF System Analysis for a W-CDMA Receiver 28610.5 W-CDMA, GSM/GPRS/EDGE Receiver Front End Without an Interstage SAW Filter 29210.6 Highly Integrated GPS Front End for Cellular Applications in 90-nm CMOS 29910.7 RX Front-End Performance Comparison 305References 30511 Digitally Enhanced Alternate Path Linearization of RF Receivers 309Edward A.Keehr and Ali Hajimiri11.1 Introduction 30911.2 Adaptive Feedforward Error Cancellation 31111.3 Architectural Concepts 31311.4 Alternate Feedforward Path Block Design Considerations 32011.5 Experimental Design of an Adaptively Linearized UMTS Receiver 33111.6 Experimental Results of an Adaptively Linearized UMTS Receiver 33611.7 Conclusions 341References 343III Transmitter Techniques 34712 Linearity and Efficiency Strategies for Next-Generation Wireless Communications 349Lawrence Larson, Peter Asbeck, and Donald Kimball12.1 Introduction 34912.2 Power Amplifier Function 34912.3 Power Amplifier Efficiency Enhancement 35412.4 Techniques for Linearity Enhancement 36212.5 Conclusions 371References 37213 CMOS RF Power Amplifiers for Mobile Communications 377Patrick Reynaert13.1 Introduction 37713.2 Challenges 37813.3 Low Supply Voltage 37813.4 Average Efficiency, Dynamic Range, and Linearity 38113.5 Polar Modulation 38613.6 Distortion in a Polar-Modulated Power Amplifier 39013.7 Design and Implementation of a Polar-Modulated Power Amplifier 39713.8 Conclusions 408References 40814 Digitally Assisted RF Architectures: Two Illustrative Designs 411Joel L. Dawson14.1 Introduction 41114.2 Cartesian Feedback: The Analog Problem 41214.3 Digital Assistance for Cartesian Feedback 41614.4 Multipliers, Squarers, Mixers, and VGAs: The Analog Problem 42714.5 Digital Assistance for Analog Multipliers 42914.6 Summary 435Appendix: Stability Analysis for Cartesian Feedback Systems 436References 447IV Digital Signal Processing for RF Transceivers 45115 RF Impairment Compensation for Future Radio Systems 453Mikko Valkama15.1 Introduction and Motivation 45315.2 Typical RF Impairments 45415.3 Impairment Mitigation Principles 46915.4 Case Studies in I/Q Imbalance Compensation 48015.5 Conclusions 487References 48816 Techniques for the Analysis of Digital Bang-Bang PLLs 497Nicola Da Dalt16.1 Introduction 49716.2 Digital Bang-Bang PLL Architecture 49816.3 Analysis of the Nonlinear Dynamics of the BBPLL 49916.4 Analysis of the BBPLL with Markov Chains 50316.5 Linearization of the BBPLL 50816.6 Comparison of Measurements and Models 526References 53117 Low-Power Spectrum Processors for Cognitive Radios 533Joy Laskar and Kyutae Lim17.1 Introduction 53317.2 Paradigm Shift from SDR to CR 53417.3 Challenge and Trends in RFIC/System 53517.4 Analog Signal Processing 53617.5 Spectrum Sensing 53717.6 Multi-Resolution Spectrum Sensing 53817.7 MRSS Performance 54217.8 Conclusions 555References 556Index 557