Materials Nanoarchitectonics

Dr. Katsuhiko Ariga is the Director of Supermolecules Unit and Principal Investigator of World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan. He received his B.Eng., M.Eng., and Ph.D. degrees from the Tokyo Institute of Technology (TIT). He was Assistant Professor at TIT, worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Texas at Austin, USA, and then served as a group leader in the Supermolecules Project at Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). Thereafter, Dr. Ariga worked as Associate Professor at the Nara Institute of Science and Technology, and then became involved with the ERATO Nanospace. Dr. Mitsuhiro Ebara is Principal Investigator in the Mechanobiology Group at the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan.

• 1 Change Thinking toward Nanoarchitectonics 1Katsuhiko Ariga andMasakazu Aono1.1 From Nanotechnology to Nanoarchitectonics 11.2 Way of Nanoarchitectonics 21.3 Materials Nanoarchitectonics 3References 4Part I Zero- and One-Dimensional Nanoarchitectonics 72 Architectonics in Nanoparticles 9Qingmin Ji, Xinbang Liu, and Ke Yin2.1 Introduction 92.2 Soft Nanoparticles 102.2.1 Smart Polymer Nanoparticles 102.2.1.1 Multi-Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles for Biological Therapy 102.2.1.2 Optoelectrical Polymer Nanoparticles 122.2.2 Nanoparticles from Biomimetic Assembly 132.3 Hierarchical Architecturing of Solid Nanoparticles 152.3.1 Porous Nanoparticles 152.3.2 Layered Nanoparticles 192.4 Janus (Asymmetric) Nanoparticles 212.5 Functional Architectures on the Surface of Nanoparticles 232.6 Summary 24References 253 Aspects of One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications 33Amit Dalui, Ali Hossain Khan, Bapi Pradhan, Srabanti Ghosh, and Somobrata Acharya3.1 Introduction 333.2 Synthesis of NCs 353.2.1 Organometallic Synthesis Method 373.2.2 Single-Source Molecular Precursor Methods 373.2.3 Solvothermal/HydrothermalMethods 393.2.4 Template-Assisted Growth Methods 393.3 Growth Mechanisms of 1D Nanocrystals 403.3.1 Solution–Liquid–Solid (SLS) Growth Approach 403.3.2 Oriented Attachment Growth Mechanism 403.3.3 Kinetically Induced Anisotropic Growth 423.3.3.1 Surface Energy and Selective Ligand Adhesion 423.3.3.2 Influence of the Phase of the Crystalline Seed Materials 433.3.3.3 Interplay betweenThermodynamic or Kinetic Growth Regimes 433.4 Post-SyntheticModification 443.4.1 Post-Synthetic Surface Modification 443.4.2 Post-Synthetic Chemical Transformation of NCs 473.5 Essential Characterization Techniques 483.6 Promising Applications of 1D NCs 503.6.1 Optical Polarization 503.6.2 Field-Effect Transistors 543.6.3 Photovoltaic Applications 573.6.4 Photodetection and Sensing 603.6.5 Catalysis 623.7 Summary and Conclusions 65References 664 Tubular Nanocontainers for Drug Delivery 85Yusuf Darrat, Ekaterina Naumenko, Giuseppe Cavallaro, Giuseppe Lazzara, Yuri Lvov, and Rawil Fakhrullin4.1 Introduction 854.2 Carbon Nanotubes for Drug Delivery 864.2.1 Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes 864.2.2 Functionalization of CNTs for Drug Delivery 874.2.3 Uptake of Carbon Nanotubes 874.2.4 Hybrid Materials 884.2.5 Vaccine Treatment 894.2.6 Cancer Treatment 904.2.7 Gene Therapy 904.2.8 Toxicity 904.3 Halloysite-Nanotube-Based Carriers for Drug Delivery 914.3.1 Halloysite Nanotubes: A Biocompatible Clay with Drug Delivery Capacity 914.3.2 Modified Halloysite Nanotubes with a Time-Extended Effect on the Drug Release 914.3.3 Covalently Functionalized Halloysite Nanotubes as Drug Delivery Systems Sensitive to Specific External Stimuli 934.3.4 Hybrids Based on Halloysite Nanotubes as Dual Drug Delivery Systems 944.4 Tubular Nanosized Drug Carriers: Uptake Mechanisms 954.5 Conclusions 100References 102Part II Two-Dimensional Nanoarchitectonics 1095 Graphene Nanotechnology 111Katsunori Wakabayashi5.1 Introduction 1115.2 Electronic States of Graphene 1125.3 Graphene Nanoribbons and Edge States 1125.4 Spintronic Properties of Graphene 1155.4.1 Electric Field Induced Half-Metallicity 1175.5 Summary 119References 1206 Nanoarchitectonics of Multilayer Shells toward Biomedical Application 125Wei Cui and Junbai Li6.1 Introduction 1256.2 Hollow-Structured Multilayers 1266.3 Multilayer Shells on Template 1306.4 Summary and Outlook 135Acknowledgments 135References 1367 Layered Nanoarchitectonics with Layer-by-Layer Assembly Strategy for Biomedical Applications 141Wei Qi and Jing Yan7.1 Layer-by-Layer Assembly Technique 1427.1.1 Basics of LbL 1427.1.2 Dipping Coating 1427.1.3 Spin Coating 1437.1.4 Spray Coating 1447.2 LbL-Assembled Layer Architectures with Tunable Properties 1447.3 The Application of the LbL-Assembled Layer Architectures in Biomedicine 1467.3.1 Biosensing 1467.3.2 Drug Delivery 1487.3.3 Cellular and Tissue Engineering 1487.4 Summary and Outlook 149Acknowledgment 150References 1508 Emerging 2D Materials 155Ken Sakaushi8.1 Introduction 1558.2 Revisiting Uniqueness of Graphene as the Archetype of 2D Materials Systems 1558.3 Emerging 2D Materials 1588.4 Remarks 162Acknowledgment 162References 162Part III Three-Dimensional and Hierarchic Nanoarchitectonics 1659 Self-Assembly and Directed Assembly 167Hejin Jiang, Yutao Sang, Li Zhang, andMinghua Liu9.1 Introduction 1679.2 Amphiphile Self-Assembly 1699.3 π-Conjugated Molecule Self-Assembly 1709.4 Peptide Self-Assembly 1729.5 Self-Assembly of Block Polymers 1739.5.1 Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) of BCPs 1739.5.2 Magnetic Fields Directing the Alignment of BCPs 1759.6 DNA-Directed Self-Assembly 1769.7 Directed Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles 1799.8 LB-Technique-Directed Alignment of Nanostructures 1819.9 Conclusions 182References 18310 Functional Porous Materials 187Watcharop Chaikittisilp10.1 Introduction 18710.2 Classification of Porous Materials 18810.3 Functional Frameworks: from Inorganic, through Organic, to Inorganic–Organic 19010.4 Summary and Outlook 195References 19611 Integrated Composites and Hybrids 199Shenmin Zhu, Hui Pan, and Mengdan Xia11.1 3D Hybrid Nanoarchitectures Assembled from 0D and 2D Nanomaterials 19911.2 3D Hybrid Nanoarchitectures Assembled from 1D and 2D Nanomaterials 20111.3 3D Hybrid Nanoarchitectures Assembled from 2D and 2D Nanomaterials 20311.4 Other Approaches to 3D Hybrid Nanoarchitectures 20511.5 Conclusion 207References 20812 Shape-MemoryMaterials 209Koichiro Uto12.1 Introduction 20912.2 Fundamentals of Shape-Memory Effect in Polymers 21112.3 Categorization of Shape-Memory Polymers on the Basis of Nanoarchitectonics 21212.4 Shape-Memory Polymers with Different Architectures 21312.5 New Directions in the Field of Shape-Memory Polymers 21612.6 Conclusions 217References 219Part IV Materials Nanoarchitectonics for Application 1: Physical and Chemical 22113 Optically Active Organic Field-Effect Transistors 223YutakaWakayama13.1 Introduction 22313.2 Phototransistors 22413.2.1 Single-Crystal-Based and Nanowire-Based Phototransistors 22413.2.2 Thin-Film-Based Phototransistors 22613.3 Photochromism in OFETs 22713.3.1 Interface Engineering 22813.3.2 Doping in Channel/Dielectric Layers 22913.3.3 PhotochromicThin Film as Transistor Channel 23013.3.4 Laser Patterning of Electric Circuits 23213.4 Summary and Perspectives 235References 23614 Efficient Absorption of Sunlight Using Resonant Nanoparticles for Solar Heat Applications 241Satoshi Ishii, Kai Chen, Ramu P. Sugavaneshwar, Hideo Okuyama, Thang D. Dao, Satish L. Shinde,Manpreet Kaur,Masahiro Kitajima, and Tadaaki Nagao14.1 Introduction 24114.2 Electromagnetic Analysis for Finding the Resonance Conditions of Nanoparticles 24314.3 Plasmon Resonance Nanoparticles for Sunlight Absorption 24314.3.1 Analytical Calculations 24314.3.2 Experiments 24514.4 Mie Resonance Nanoparticles for Sunlight Absorption 24614.4.1 Analytical Calculations 24614.4.2 Experiments 24714.5 Applications of Resonant Nanoparticles 24914.6 Summary 250Acknowledgments 251References 25115 Nanoarchitectonics Approach for Sensing 255Katsuhiko Ariga15.1 Introduction 25515.2 Layered Mesoporous Carbon Sensor 25615.3 Layered Graphene Sensor 25715.4 Hierarchic Carbon Capsule Sensor 25815.5 Cage-in-Fiber Sensor 26015.6 Summary 262References 26216 Self-Healing 265Takeshi Sato andMitsuhiro Ebara16.1 Introduction 26516.2 History of Self-Healing Materials 26616.3 Dynamic Cross-links to Construct a Self-Healing Hydrogel Network 26716.3.1 Host–Guest Interactions 26716.3.2 Electrostatic Interactions 26816.3.3 Metal–Ligand Interactions 26816.4 Further Applications of Self-Healing Materials 26916.4.1 Medical Applications 26916.4.2 Application for Engineering 27116.5 Conclusion 273References 273Part V Materials Nanoarchitectonics for Application 2:Biological and Biomedical 27717 Materials Nanoarchitectonics: Drug Delivery System 279Yohei Kotsuchibashi17.1 Introduction 27917.1.1 Diagnosis from Tissues to the Organelles Using Nanomaterials 27917.1.2 Current Thermoresponsive Drug Carriers 28117.1.3 Smart Nanocarriers for Benzoxaborole-Based Drugs 28417.2 Conclusion and Future Trends 287References 28718 Mechanobiology 291Jun Nakanishi18.1 Introduction 29118.2 Micropatterning Cellular Shape and Cluster Geometry 29218.3 Dynamic Micropatterning Single Cells and Cell Collectives 29418.4 Nanopatterning Cell–Extracellular Matrix Interactions 29718.5 Concluding Remarks 299References 30019 Diagnostics 303Mitsuhiro Ebara19.1 Introduction 30319.2 Immunoassays 30419.3 Nucleic Acid Tests 30619.4 Stimuli-Responsive Biomarker Separations 30619.5 Stimuli-Responsive Diagnostics in the DevelopingWorld 30819.6 Conclusions 309References 31020 Immunoengineering 313Yasuhiro Nakagawa andMitsuhiro Ebara20.1 Introduction 31320.2 Immunoevasive Biomaterials 31420.3 Immune-Activating Biomaterials 31820.4 Immunosuppressive Biomaterials 32120.5 Conclusions 324References 324Index 327