Managing Measurement Risk in Building and Civil Engineering

Peter Williams has experience as a site engineer, quantity surveyor and building and civil engineering estimator with a number of large contractors. He was also director of a civil engineering and building contracting company. His lecturing career began as a senior lecturer at Liverpool Polytechnic, followed by a number of years in industry. He was then appointed principal lecturer at Liverpool John Moores University and became Director of Quantity Surveying and latterly Head of Construction Management Development.

• Preface xixAuthor Biography xxiiiAcknowledgements xxvGlossary xxviiAddendum xxxiPart 1 Measurement in Construction 11 The Role and Purpose of Measurement 31.2 The end of measurement or a new beginning? 51.3 How's your Latin? 71.4 Standardised measurement 101.5 Measurement: skill or art? 162 Measurement and Design 212.1 Introduction 222.2 Design 222.3 BIM 262.4 BIM quantities 323 Measurement Conventions 393.1 Traditional conventions 393.2 Modern conventions 463.3 B IM conventions 574 Approaches to Measurement 634.1 Measurement skills 644.2 Uses of measurement 644.3 Pareto principle 654.4 Measurement documentation 664.5 Formal bills of quantities 664.6 Formal quasi' bills of quantities 684.7 Formal 'operational' bills of quantities 774.8 Informal bills of quantities 784.9 Quantities risk transfer 814.10 Activity schedules 824.11 Price lists 944.12 Contract sum analyses 954.13 Schedules of actual cost 96Part 2 Measurement Risk 1035 New Rules of Measurement: NRM1 1055.1 New rules: New approach 1055.2 The status of NRM1 1065.3 Structure of NRM1 1085.4 Design cost control: Introduction 1105.5 Design cost control: Techniques 1135.6 Order of cost estimates 1215.7 Cost planning 1325.8 Part 4: Tabulated rules of measurement for elemental cost planning 1486 New Rules of Measurement: NRM2 1616.1 Introduction 1616.2 What is NRM2? 1646.3 Status of NRM2 1656.4 NRM2 structure 1666.5 Part 1: general 1676.6 Definitions 1696.7 Part 2: rules for detailed measurement of building works 1786.8 Codification of bills of quantities 2036.9 Part 3: Tabulated rules of measurement for building works 2226.10 Tabulated work sections 2357 Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement 2657.1 Contract neutral 2657.2 National standard neutral 2667.3 Section 1: Definitions 2667.4 Section 2: General principles 2707.5 Section 3: Application of the work classification 2737.6 Section 4: Coding and numbering of items 2787.7 Section 5: Preparation of the Bill of Quantities 2817.8 Section 6: Completion, pricing and use of the Bill of Quantities 2937.9 Section 7: Method-related charges 2957.10 Work classification 3017.11 Class A: General items 3027.12 Class B: Ground investigation 3067.13 Class C: Geotechnical and other specialist processes 3087.14 Class D: Demolition and site clearance 3117.15 Class E: Earthworks 3137.16 Class F: In situ concrete 3237.17 Class G: Concrete ancillaries 3267.18 Class H: Precast concrete 3307.19 Class I: Pipework – pipes 3327.20 Class J: Pipework – fittings and valves 3387.21 Class K: Pipework – Manholes and Pipework Ancillaries 3397.22 Class L: Pipework – supports and protection, ancillaries to laying and excavation 3447.23 Class M: Structural metalwork 3477.24 Class N: Miscellaneous metalwork 3487.25 Class O: Timber 3487.26 Class P: Piles 3497.27 Class Q: Piling ancillaries 3517.28 Class R: Roads and pavings 3527.29 Class S: Rail track 3547.30 Class T: Tunnels 3567.31 Class U: Brickwork, blockwork and masonry 3587.32 Class V: Painting 3587.33 Class W: Waterproofing 3597.34 Class X: Miscellaneous work 3597.35 Class Y: Sewer and water main renovation and ancillary works 3607.36 Class Z: Simple building works incidental to civil engineering works 3618 Method of Measurement for Highway Works 3638.1 Manual of Contract Documents for Highway Works 3638.2 Design manual for roads and bridges 3688.3 Highways England procurement 3688.4 Measurement implications of procurement choices 3708.5 Contractual arrangements 3728.6 Specification for Highway Works 3758.7 Method of Measurement for Highway Works 3788.8 Item descriptions 3918.9 Contractor design 3968.10 Measurement and billing of contractor-designed elements 4018.11 Measurement of highway works 4098.12 Series 100: Preliminaries 4098.13 Series 600: Earthworks 4128.14 Series 500: Drainage and service ducts 4298.15 Series 1600: Piling and embedded retaining walls 4418.16 Series 1700: Structural concrete 4438.17 Series 2700: Accommodation works, works for statutory undertakers, provisional sums and prime cost items 4458.18 Other works 4469 Principles of Measurement (International) 4499.1 Introduction 4499.2 Section GP: General Principles 4529.3 Section A: General requirements 4579.4 Section B: Site work 4639.5 Section C: Concrete work 4779.6 Section D: Masonry 4799.7 Section E: Metalwork 4809.8 Section F: Woodwork 4809.9 Section G: Thermal and moisture protection 4819.10 Section H: Doors and windows 4819.11 Section J: Finishes 4819.12 Section K: Accessories 4829.13 Section L: Equipment 4829.14 Section M: Furnishings 4829.15 Section N: Special construction 4829.16 Section P: Conveying systems 4839.17 Section Q: Mechanical engineering installations 4839.18 Section R: Electrical engineering installations 483Part 3 Measurement Risk in Contract Control 48510 Contract Control Strategies 48710.1 Financial control 48710.2 Measuring the quantities of work done 48910.3 Provisional quantities and provisional sums 49310.4 Measuring variations to the contract 49410.5 Preparing the contractor's cost–value reconciliation 49510.6 Physical measurement 49511 Measurement Claims 49911.1 Claims 49911.2 E xtra work 50211.3 Departures from the method of measurement 50411.4 E rrors in bills of quantities 50511.5 Procurement issues 51012 Final Accounts 51112.1 Purpose 51112.2 Forms of contract 51212.3 Lump sum contracts 51312.4 Measure and value contracts 51712.5 Daywork accounts 51812.6 'Final accounts' under the ECC 519Part 4 Measurement Case Studies 52513 New Rules of Measurement: NRM1 52713.1 Project details 52713.2 Accommodation 52713.3 Gross internal floor area 52913.4 Calculating GIFA 52913.5 Special design features 52913.6 GIFA measurement rules 53113.7 Roof 53113.8 Works cost estimate 53414 New Rules of Measurement: NRM2 53514.1 E xcavation in unstable water-bearing ground 53514.2 NRM2 Director's adjustment 53915 Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement 54315.1 Canal aqueduct 54315.2 Ground anchors 54316 Method of Measurement for Highway Works 54916.1 Measurement and billing of proprietary manufactured structures 54916.2 Measurement and billing of structures where there is a choice of designs 55116.3 Measurement of proprietary manufactured structural elements 55417 Principles of Measurement (International) 55717.1 Underpinning 55718 Builders' Quantities 56518.1 Lift pit 565Index 573