'Making and Remaking Empire is a milestone in the study of early Qajar Iran. Through sensitive readings of baroque texts and by drawing on an impressive range of archival material, Ashraf succeeds in moving beyond conventional political history to offer a sociologically and anthropologically informed reading of the human relations and codes of behaviour at the heart of Qajar governance. Ashraf's study transcends the stale binary of state and society and invites us to revisit this formative period in the emergence of modern Iran with a fresh, unbiased perspective.' Dominic Parviz Brookshaw, University of Oxford