Originally published in 1973, this book shows that methods developed for the semantics of systems of formal logic can be successfully applied to problems about the semantics of natural languages; and, moreover, that such methods can take account of features of natural language which have often been thought incapable of formal treatment, such as vagueness, context dependence and metaphorical meaning. Parts 1 and 2 set out a class of formal languages and their semantics. Parts 3 and 4 show that these formal languages are rich enought to be used in the precise description of natural languages. Appendices describe some of the concepts discussed in the text.
Part 1: Propositional Languages 1. Syntax and Semantics of Propositional Languages 2. Propositional Logics 3. The Metaphysics of Propositions 4. The Structure of Propositions Part 2: Categorial Languages 5. Pure Categorial Languages 6. Abstraction and λ-categorial Languages 7. The Metaphysics of Categorial Languages 8. Pragmatics Part 3: English as a Categorial Language 9. Some Parts of Speech 10. More Parts of Speech 11. Counter-dependence in English Part 4: English As A Natural Language 12. Words and Morphenes 13. Obtaining Natural Languages 14. Meaning and Use. Appendix I: Some Background Notions Appendix II: A Uniqueness Theorem