Lithium Batteries and other Electrochemical Storage Systems

Inbunden, Engelska, 2013

Av Christian Glaize, Sylvie Genies, France) Glaize, Christian (University of Montpellier, France) Genies, Sylvie (CEA, Grenoble

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Lithium batteries were introduced relatively recently in comparison to lead- or nickel-based batteries, which have been around for over 100 years. Nevertheless, in the space of 20 years, they have acquired a considerable market share – particularly for the supply of mobile devices. We are still a long way from exhausting the possibilities that they offer. Numerous projects will undoubtedly further improve their performances in the years to come. For large-scale storage systems, other types of batteries are also worthy of consideration: hot batteries and redox flow systems, for example.This book begins by showing the diversity of applications for secondary batteries and the main characteristics required of them in terms of storage. After a chapter presenting the definitions and measuring methods used in the world of electrochemical storage, and another that gives examples of the applications of batteries, the remainder of this book is given over to describing the batteries developed recently (end of the 20th Century) which are now being commercialized, as well as those with a bright future. The authors also touch upon the increasingly rapid evolution of the technologies, particularly regarding lithium batteries, for which the avenues of research are extremely varied.ContentsPart 1. Storage Requirements Characteristics of Secondary Batteries Examples of Use1. Breakdown of Storage Requirements.2. Definitions and Measuring Methods.3. Practical Examples Using Electrochemical Storage.Part 2. Lithium Batteries4. Introduction to Lithium Batteries.5. The Basic Elements in Lithium-ion Batteries: Electrodes, Electrolytes and Collectors.6. Usual Lithium-ion Batteries.7. Present and Future Developments Regarding Lithium-ion Batteries.8. Lithium-Metal Polymer Batteries.9. Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.10. Lithium-Air Batteries.11. Lithium Resources.Part 3. Other Types of Batteries12. Other Types of Batteries.About the AuthorsChristian Glaize is Professor at the University of Montpellier, France. He is also Researcher in the Materials and Energy Group (GEM) of the Institute for Electronics (IES), France.Sylvie Geniès is a project manager at the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives) in Grenoble, France.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2013-07-26
Mått163 x 241 x 25 mm
Vikt1 814 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor384
FörlagISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781848214965

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Energiteknik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Preface xiiiAcknowledgements xvIntroduction xviiPART 1 STORAGE REQUIREMENTS CHARACTERISTICS OF SECONDARY BATTERIES EXAMPLES OF USE 1Chapter 1 Breakdown of Storage Requirements 31.1.Introduction 31.2.Domains of application for energy storage 31.3.Review of storage requirements and appropriate technologies 181.4. Conclusion 19Chapter 2. Definitions and Measuring Methods 212.1. Introduction 212.2.Terminology 212.3.Definitions of the characteristics 272.4.States of the battery 402.5.Faradaic efficiency 662.6.Self-discharge 672.7.Acceptance current 682.8.Conclusion 692.9.Appendix 1: Nernst’s law 692.10.Appendix 2: Double layer 782.11.Appendix 3: Warburg impedance 792.12.Solutions to the exercises in Chapter 2 82Chapter 3. Practical Examples Using Electrochemical Storage 893.1.Introduction 893.2. Conclusion 1093.3. Solution to the exercises in Chapter 3 110PART 2. LITHIUM BATTERIES 115Chapter 4.Introduction to Lithium Batteries 1174.1.History of lithium batteries 1174.2.Categories of lithium batteries 1214.3. The different operational mechanisms for lithium batteries 1224.4.Appendices 131Chapter 5.The Basic Elements in Lithium-ion Batteries: Electrodes, Electrolytes and Collectors 1355.1.Introduction 1355.2.Operation of lithium-ion technology 1365.3.Positive electrodes 1385.4.Negative electrodes 1465.5.Electrolyte 1585.6.Current collectors 1615.7.Conclusion 1625.8.Solution to exercises in Chapter 5 162Chapter 6. Usual Lithium-ion Batteries 1676.1.Principle of operation of conventional assemblies of electrodes 1676.2.Major characteristics 1776.3.Solution to exercises from Chapter 6 230Chapter 7.Present and Future Developments Regarding Lithium-ion Batteries 2357.1.Improvement of the operation and safety of current technologies 2367.2.Improvement of the intrinsic performances (energy, power) 2447.3.New formats of batteries 2527.4.Conclusion 255Chapter 8. Lithium-Metal Polymer Batteries 2578.1.Principle of operation 2588.2.Manufacturing process 2608.3.Main characteristics 261Chapter 9.Lithium-Sulfur Batteries 2639.1.Introduction 2639.2.The element Sulfur 2649.3.Principle of operation 2649.4.Discharge curve 2699.5.Advantages to Li-S 2709.6.Limitations and disadvantages of a Li-S battery 2719.7.Conclusion 285Chapter 10.Lithium-Air Batteries 28710.1.Introduction 28710.2.Operational principle 28910.3.Electrolytes 29510.4.Main limitations 29710.5.Main actors 30410.6.Conclusion 30610.7.Appendix: calculation of theoretical gravimetric energy densities 307Chapter 11.Lithium Resources 30911.1.State of the art in terms of availability of lithium resources 31011.2.Comparison of resources with the needs of the electrical industry 31211.3.State of the art of extraction techniques and known production reserves 31511.4.Nature and geological origin of all potential lithium resources 31811.5.Global geographic distribution of raw lithium resources 32011.6.Evolution of the cost of lithium 32311.7.Summary 325PART 3.OTHER TYPES OF BATTERIES 327Chapter 12.Other Types of Batteries 32912.1.Introduction 32912.2.Sodium–Sulfur technology 33012.3.Nickel chloride batteries 33512.4.Conclusions about high-temperature batteries 34012.5.Redox flow systems 340Conclusion 351Index 353