Linguistically Inclusive Approach to Grading Writing

Hannah A. Franz is the program associate for graduate advisement at the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation, and a co-author of The Indispensable Guide to Undergraduate Research: Success in and Beyond College.

• Contents (final)Foreword Vershawn Ashanti Young  viiAcknowledgments  xiii1.  Introduction to a Linguistically Inclusive Approach to Grading Writing  1Language Variation and a Linguistically Inclusive Approach to Grading Writing  2The Time It Takes to Grade  3What Motivated Me to Write This Book  4Sociolinguistic Concepts That Inform This Book  6The Benefits of a Linguistically Inclusive Approach to Grading  8Is a Linguistically Inclusive Grading Approach for Me?  10Multicultural Education and Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy  13The Significance of Grades  17Historical Context of Grading Writing  20Study Backdrop  22Companion Resources  22Overview of the Book  23Self-Assess Your Practices  242.  Curriculum and Instruction for a Linguistically Inclusive Grading Approach  25Course Objectives in Support of Linguistically Inclusive Grading  25Instructor Motivations and Linguistically Inclusive Grading  30Instruction in Organization and Grammar  34Assignment Goals and Language Variation  39Audience  41Self-Assess Your Practices  44Linguistically Inclusive Practices  453.  Linguistically Inclusive Grading Processes  46Consider Grading Priorities and Distribution  46Align Grading Priorities With Instruction  48Read for Student Meaning  51Use and Explain Sociolinguistically Informed Grading Criteria  52Word Grading Criteria Positively  56Maximize Peer Feedback and Multiple Drafts  57Pose Questions Rather Than Penalties  60Self-Assess Your Practices  60Linguistically Inclusive Practices  614.  Linguistically Inclusive Commenting Strategies  63Reapportion Your Time  64Use Feedback as a Conversation  65Teach Through Specific Positive Comments  66Communicate High Expectations  69Highlight Your Subjectivity as a Reader and Acknowledge Multiple Audiences  71Ask Strategic Questions  73Contextualize Prescriptive Comments  74Rethink Labels  77Use Corrections Judiciously  79Self-Assess Your Practices  81Linguistically Inclusive Practices  825.  Organization and Word Choice  84Organization and Topic Relationships  85Respond to Organization and Topic Relationships in a Linguistically Inclusive Approach  88Pronoun Choice  92Respond to Pronoun Choice in a Linguistically Inclusive Approach  94Formal and Informal Word Choice  96Respond to Formal and Informal Word Choice in a Linguistically Inclusive Approach  98Self-Assess Your Practices  100Linguistically Inclusive Practices  1006.  Grammar and Mechanics  102What Exactly Are Grammar and Mechanics?  102Grammar Patterns  104Respond to Grammar Patterns in a Linguistically Inclusive Approach  108Mechanical Features  113Self-Assess Your Practices  116Linguistically Inclusive Practices  1177.  Putting It All Together  119A Linguistically Inclusive Approach to Grading: Summarized  120Application of Multicultural Education and Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy  122What Can a Linguistically Inclusive Grading Approach Look Like in Your Classroom?  123Conclusion  131References  132Index  140About the Author  145