Laser Printing of Functional Materials

Dr. Alberto Piqué is Head of the Materials and Systems Branch in the Materials Science Division at the Naval Research Laboratory. His research focuses on the study and applications of laser-material interactions. Dr. Piqué and his group have pioneered the use of laser-based direct-write techniques for the rapid prototyping of electronic, sensor and micro-power generation devices. Dr. Piqué holds a B.S. and M.S. in Physics from Rutgers University and a Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from the University of Maryland. He is a SPIE (2012) and APS (2014) Fellow. To date, his research has resulted in over 200 scientific publications, 14 book chapters and 22 U.S. patents. Dr. Pere Serra is professor at the Department of Applied Physics of the University of Barcelona. He received his Ph.D. from the same university in 1997. His research has been devoted to multiple topics in the laser materials processing area, from pulsed laser deposition to laser surface treatments. In the last years he has focused his activity on laser microfabrication technologies, with a special attention to laser printing techniques for the fabrication of biomedical and printed electronic devices. He has co-authored 95 publications in international journals, has given more than 20 invited talks, and served as co-chair and committee member in numerous international conferences. He is currently co-editor of the Journal of Laser Micro/Nanoengineering.

• Preface xvPart I Fundamentals 11 Introduction to Laser-Induced Transfer and Other Associated Processes 3Pere Serra and Alberto Piqué1.1 LIFT and Its Derivatives 31.2 The Laser Transfer Universe 51.3 Book Organization and Chapter Overview 81.4 Looking Ahead 12Acknowledgments 13References 132 Origins of Laser-Induced Transfer Processes 17Christina Kryou and Ioanna Zergioti2.1 Introduction 172.2 EarlyWork in Laser-Induced Transfer 172.3 Overview of Laser-Induced Forward Transfer 192.4 Other Laser-Based Transfer Techniques Inspired by LIFT 272.5 Other Studies on LIFT 312.6 Conclusions 31References 323 LIFT Using a Dynamic Release Layer 37Alexandra Palla Papavlu and Thomas Lippert3.1 Introduction 373.2 Absorbing Release Layer – Triazene Polymer 403.3 Front- and Backside Ablation of the Triazene Polymer 423.4 Examples of Materials Transferred by TP-LIFT 433.5 First Demonstration of Devices: OLEDs and Sensors 473.6 Variation of the DRL Approach: Reactive LIFT 523.7 Conclusions and Perspectives 54Acknowledgments 55Conflict of Interest 55References 554 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of Fluids 63Juan M. Fernández-Pradas, Pol Sopeña, and Pere Serra4.1 Introduction to the LIFT of Fluids 634.2 Mechanisms of Fluid Ejection and Deposition 674.3 Printing Droplets through LIFT 724.4 Printing Lines and Patterns with LIFT 784.5 Summary 81Acknowledgments 82References 825 Advances in Blister-Actuated Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (BA-LIFT) 91Emre Turkoz, Romain Fardel, and Craig B. Arnold5.1 Introduction 915.2 BA-LIFT Basics 935.3 Why BA-LIFT? 945.4 Blister Formation 975.5 Jet Formation and Expansion 1055.6 Application to the Transfer of Delicate Materials 1135.7 Conclusions 117References 1176 Film-Free LIFT (FF-LIFT) 123Salvatore Surdo, Alberto Diaspro, andMartí Duocastella6.1 Introduction 1236.2 Rheological Considerations in Traditional LIFT of Liquids 1256.3 Fundamentals of Film-Free LIFT 1316.4 Implementation and Optical Considerations 1356.5 Applications 1386.6 Conclusions and Future Outlook 141References 142Part II The Role of the Laser–Material Interaction in LIFT 1477 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of Metals 149David A.Willis7.1 Introduction, Background, and Overview 1497.2 Modeling, Simulation, and Experimental Studies of the Transfer Process 1517.3 Advanced Modeling of LIFT 1657.4 Research Needs and Future Directions 1677.5 Conclusions 169References 1708 LIFT of Solid Films (Ceramics and Polymers) 175Ben Mills, Daniel J. Heath,Matthias Feinaeugle, and RobertW. Eason8.1 Introduction 1758.2 Assisted Release Processes 1768.3 Shadowgraphy Studies and Assisted Capture 1848.4 Applications in Energy Harvesting 1888.5 Laser-Induced Backward Transfer (LIBT) of Nanoimprinted Polymer 1938.6 Conclusions 197Acknowledgments 197References 1979 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of Soft Materials 199Zhengyi Zhang, Ruitong Xiong, and Yong Huang9.1 Introduction 1999.2 Background 2009.3 Jetting Dynamics during Laser Printing of Soft Materials 2019.4 Laser Printing Applications Using Optimized Printing Conditions 2189.5 Conclusions and FutureWork 220Acknowledgments 221References 22210 Congruent LIFT with High-Viscosity Nanopastes 227Raymond C.Y. Auyeung, Heungsoo Kim, and Alberto Piqué10.1 Introduction 22710.2 Congruent LIFT (or LDT) 22910.3 Applications 23510.4 Achieving Congruent Laser Transfers 24210.5 Issues and Challenges 24510.6 Summary 246Acknowledgment 247References 24711 Laser Printing of Nanoparticles 251Urs Zywietz, Tim Fischer, Andrey Evlyukhin, Carsten Reinhardt, and Boris Chichkov11.1 Introduction, Setup, and Motivation 25111.2 Laser-Induced Transfer 25211.3 Materials for Laser Printing of Nanoparticles 25411.4 Laser Printing from Bulk-Silicon and Silicon Films 25411.5 Magnetic Resonances of Silicon Particles 26111.6 Laser Printing from Prestructured Films 26111.7 Applications: Sensing, Metasurfaces, and Additive Manufacturing 26311.8 Outlook 266References 266Part III Applications 26912 Laser Printing of ElectronicMaterials 271Philippe Delaporte, Anne-Patricia Alloncle, and Thomas Lippert12.1 Introduction and Context 27112.2 Organic Thin-Film Transistor 27212.3 Organic Light-Emitting Diode 28112.4 Passive Components 28512.5 Interconnection and Heterogeneous Integration 28712.6 Conclusion 290References 29113 Laser Printing of Chemical and Biological Sensors 299Ioanna Zergioti13.1 Introduction 29913.2 Conventional PrintingMethods for the Fabrication of Chemical and Biological Sensors 30013.3 Laser-Based Printing Techniques: Introduction 30513.4 Applications of Direct Laser Printing 30813.5 Conclusions 319List of Abbreviations 319References 32014 Laser Printing of Proteins and Biomaterials 329Alexandra Palla Papavlu, Valentina Dinca, and Maria Dinescu14.1 Introduction 32914.2 LIFT of DNA in Solid and Liquid Phase 33214.3 LIFT of Biomolecules 33314.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 343Acknowledgments 343Conflict of Interest 343References 34415 Laser-Assisted Bioprinting of Cells for Tissue Engineering 349Olivia Kérourédan,Murielle Rémy, Hugo Oliveira, Fabien Guillemot, and Raphaël Devillard15.1 Laser-Assisted Bioprinting of Cells 34915.2 Laser-Assisted Bioprinting for Cell Biology Studies 35815.3 Laser-Assisted Bioprinting for Tissue-Engineering Applications 35915.4 Conclusion 368References 36916 Industrial, Large-Area, and High-Throughput LIFT/LIBT Digital Printing 375Guido Hennig, Gerhard Hochstein, and Thomas Baldermann16.1 Introduction 37516.2 Potential Markets and their Technical Demands on Lasersonic LIFT 37716.3 Lasersonic LIFT/LIBT PrintingMethod 37916.4 Optical Concept and Pulse Control of the Lasersonic Printing Machine 38216.5 The Four-Color Lasersonic Printing Machine 38716.6 Print Experiments and Results 39216.7 Discussion of Effects 39716.8 Future Directions 40116.9 Summary 402Acknowledgments 403References 40317 LIFT of 3D Metal Structures 405Ralph Pohl, ClaasW. Visser, and Gert-willem Römer17.1 Introduction 40517.2 Basic Aspects of LIFT of Metals for 3D Structures 40717.3 Properties of LIFT-Printed FreestandingMetal Pillars 41317.4 Demonstrators and Potential Applications 42017.5 Conclusions and Outlook 423References 42318 Laser Transfer of Entire Structures and Functional Devices 427Alberto Piqué, Nicholas A. Charipar, Raymond C. Y. Auyeung, Scott A. Mathews, and Heungsoo Kim18.1 Introduction 42718.2 Early Demonstrations of LIFT of Entire Structures 42818.3 Process Dynamics 43118.4 Laser Transfer of Intact Structures 43518.5 Laser Transfer of Components for Embedded Electronics 43718.6 Outlook 43818.7 Summary 440Acknowledgments 441References 441Index 445