This text covers Knowledge Acquisition and Representation Language (KARL), an operational specification language for knowledge-based systems and second-generation expert systems. It provides language primitives to represent knowledge according to the layers of a KADS-oriented model of expertise. The main features of KARL are: it provides epistemologically adequate modelling primitives that allow knowledge specifications at the knowledge level. Therefore, KARL allows a smooth transition from informal to formal specifications. KARL is a formal knowledge specification language. That is, it has a declarative semantics. It is an operational knowledge specification language that allows prototyping, i.e. knowledge evaluation by testing.
1 Introduction.- 1.1 Model-based and Incremental Knowledge Engineering.- 1.2 The Knowledge Acquisition and Representation Language KARL.- 1.3 Some Arguments about Formal and Operational Specification Languages.- 2 Logical-Karl.- 2.1 Significant Ideas of Other Approaches Used for L-KARL.- 2.2 Syntax of L-KARL.- 2.3 Informal Semantics of L-KARL.- 3 Procedural-Karl.- 3.1 Significant Ideas of Other Approaches Used for P-KARL.- 3.2 Syntax of P-KARL.- 3.3 Informal Semantics of P-KARL.- 4 The Karl Model of Expertise.- 4.1 The Sisyphus Example.- 4.2 The Domain Layer.- 4.3 The Inference Layer.- 4.4 The Task Layer.- 4.5 The Model of Cooperation.- 5 The Formal Semantics of Karl.- 5.1 The Formal Semantics of L-KARL.- 5.2 The Formal Semantics of P-KARL.- 5.3 The Formal Semantics of a Domain Layer.- 5.4 The Formal Semantics of an Inference Layer.- 5.5 The Formal Semantics of a Task Layer.- 6 Conclusion.- 6.1 Highlights of KARL.- 6.2 Related Work.- 6.3 Shortcomings of KARL.- 6.4 Future Work.- References.
Dieter Fensel, Umutcan Şimşek, Kevin Angele, Elwin Huaman, Elias Kärle, Oleksandra Panasiuk, Ioan Toma, Jürgen Umbrich, Alexander Wahler, Umutcan Simsek, Elias Karle, Jurgen Umbrich, Umutcan Şimşek, Umutcan ¿Im¿Ek
Dieter Fensel, Umutcan Şimşek, Kevin Angele, Elwin Huaman, Elias Kärle, Oleksandra Panasiuk, Ioan Toma, Jürgen Umbrich, Alexander Wahler, Umutcan Simsek, Elias Karle, Jurgen Umbrich, Umutcan Şimşek, Umutcan ¿Im¿Ek