Introducing Physical Geography
Häftad, Engelska, 2013
Av Alan H. Strahler, Alan H. (Boston University) Strahler, Alan H Strahler
2 569 kr
Produktinformation
- Utgivningsdatum2013-08-16
- Mått236 x 277 x 28 mm
- Vikt1 497 g
- FormatHäftad
- SpråkEngelska
- Antal sidor672
- Upplaga6
- FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
- ISBN9781118396209
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Alan Strahler received his B.A. degree in 1964 and his Ph.D. degree in 1969 from the John Hopkins University Department of Geography and Environemtal Engineering. He has held academic positions at the Universikty of Virginia, the Univrsity of California at Santa Barbara, and Hunter College of the City Unviersity of New ork, and is now Professor of Georgraphy at Boston University. With Arthur Strahler, he is coauthor of seven textbook titles with seven revised editions on phyhsical geography and environmental science. He has published over 250 articles in the refereed scientific literature, largely on the theory of remote sensing of vegetation, and has also contributed to the fields of plant geography, forest ecology, and quantitative methods. His work has been supported by over $6 million in grant and contract funds, primarily from NASA. In 1993, he was awarded the Association of American Geographers/Remote Sensing Specialty Group Medal for Outstanding Contributions to Remote Sensing. In 2000, he received the honorary degree Doctorem Scientiarum Honoris Causa (D.H.C) from the Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, for his academic accomplishments in teaching and research. Arthur Strahler received his B.A. degree in 1938 from the College of Wooster, Ohio, and his Ph.D. degree in geology from Columbia University in 1944. He was appointed to the Columbia University faculty in 1941, serving as Professor of Geomorphology from 1958 to 1967 and as Chairman of the Department of Geology from 1959 to 1962. He was elected as a Fellow of both the Geological Society of America and the Association of American Geographers for his pioneering contributions to quantitative and dynamicgeomorphology, contained in over 30 major papers in leading scientific journals. He is the author or coauthor with Alan Strahler of 16 textbook titles with 13 revised editions in physical geography, environmental science, the Earth sciences, and geology. His most recent new title, "Plate Tectonics (GeoBooks Publishing, Cambridge, Massachusetts), has received critical praise as an upper-level college text on plate tectonics as the grand paradigm in Earth science.
- Introduction Physical Geography and the Tools Geographers Use 2Introducing Geography 4Spheres, Systems, and Cycles 10Physical Geography, Environment, and Global Change 13Tools in Physical Geography 15Maps and Cartography 17The Global Positioning System 21Geographic Information Systems 22Remote Sensing for Physical Geography 24Earth Visualization Tools 30A Look Ahead 33Chapter 1 The Earth as a Rotating Planet 36The Shape of the Earth 38The Earth’s Rotation 39The Geographic Grid 40Map Projections 42Global Time 46The Earth’s Revolution Around the Sun 49A Look Ahead 54Chapter 2 The Earth’s Global Energy Balance 56Eye on Global Change: The Ozone Layer— Shield to Life 58Electromagnetic Radiation 59Insolation over the Globe 63Composition of the Atmosphere 69Energy Transfer 69The Global Energy System 70Net Radiation, Latitude, and the Energy Balance 75Focus on Remote SensingA Look Ahead 79Chapter 3 Air Temperature 82Eye on Global Change: Carbon Dioxide—On the Increase 84Surface and Air Temperature 85Temperature Structure of the Atmosphere 93Daily and Annual Cycles of Air Temperature 95World Patterns of Air Temperature 99The Temperature Record and Global Warming 103A Look Ahead 109Chapter 4 Atmospheric Moisture and Precipitation 112Eye on Global Change: Acid Deposition 114Water in the Environment 114Humidity 120Adiabatic Processes 122Clouds and Fog 124Focus on Remote SensingPrecipitation 128Types of Precipitation 134Thunderstorms 137Tornadoes 140Air Quality 143A Look Ahead 147Chapter 5 Winds and Global Circulation 150Eye on Global Change: El Niño 152Atmospheric Pressure 153Wind 155Cyclones and Anticyclones 159Global Wind and Pressure Patterns 162Winds Aloft 166Ocean Circulation 172A Look Ahead 180Chapter 6 Weather Systems 184Eye on Global Change: Cloud Cover, Precipitation, and Global Warming 186Air Masses and Fronts 187Midlatitude Anticyclones and Cyclones 193Tropical and Equatorial Weather Systems 203Focus on Remote SensingPoleward Transport of Energy and Moisture 213A Look Ahead 215Chapter 7 Global Climates and Climate Change 218Eye on Global Change: Drought in the African Sahel 220Keys to Climate 222Climate Classification 225Low-Latitude Climates (Group I) 231Midlatitude Climates (Group II) 241High-Latitude Climates (Group III) 249Climate Change 253A Look Ahead 256Special Supplement: The Köppen Climate System 260Chapter 8 Biogeographic Processes 264Eye on Global Change: Human Impact on the Carbon Cycle 266Energy and Matter Flow in Ecosystems 268Ecological Biogeography 276Ecological Succession 284Focus on Remote SensingHistorical Biogeography 288Biodiversity 296A Look Ahead 298Chapter 9 Global Biogeography 302Eye on Global Change: Exploitation of the Low-Latitude Rainforest Ecosystem 304Natural Vegetation 305Terrestrial Ecosystems—The Biomes 308Forest Biome 313Savanna and Grassland Biomes 323Desert and Tundra Biomes 328Focus on Remote SensingClimate and Altitude Gradients 336A Look Ahead 338Chapter 10 Global Soils 340Eye on Global Change: Global Change and Agriculture 342The Nature of the Soil 344Soil Chemistry 348Soil Moisture 350Soil Development 352The Global Scope of Soils 357A Look Ahead 370Chapter 11 Earth Materials and Plate Tectonics 374The Changing Earth 377The Structure of the Earth 379Earth Materials and the Cycle of Rock Change 381Global Topography 391Focus on Remote SensingPlate Tectonics 398A Look Ahead 409Chapter 12 Tectonic and Volcanic Landforms 414Eye on Global Change: The Great Tohoku Earthquake of 2011 416Tectonic Landforms 416Earthquakes 426Volcanic Activity and Landforms 431Focus on Remote SensingA Look Ahead 441Chapter 13 Weathering and Mass Wasting 444Eye on Global Change: The Madison Slide 446Weathering 448Slopes and Slope Processes 453Mass Wasting 454A Look Ahead 462Chapter 14 Freshwater of the Continents 464Eye on Global Change: The Aral Sea 466Freshwater and the Hydrologic Cycle 468Groundwater 470Groundwater Use and Management 476Surface Water and Streamflow 478Flooding 484Lakes 487Freshwater as a Natural Resource 491A Look Ahead 495Chapter 15 Landforms Made by Running Water 498Erosion, Transportation, and Deposition 500Stream Gradation and Evolution 506Focus on Remote SensingFluvial Landforms 515Fluvial Processes in an Arid Climate 518A Look Ahead 523Chapter 16 Landforms Made by Waves and Wind 526Eye on Global Change: Global Change and Coastal Environments 528The Work of Waves and Tides 530Coastal Landforms 537Wind Action 547Eolian Landforms 551A Look Ahead 557Chapter 17 Glacial and Periglacial Landforms 560Eye on Global Change: Ice Sheets, Sea Ice, and Global Warming 562Types of Glaciers 564Glacial Processes 567Glacial Landforms 569Focus on Remote SensingPeriglacial Processes and Landforms 578Global Climate and Glaciation 582A Look Ahead 586Appendix 1 Climate Definitions and Boundaries 591Appendix 2 Conversion Factors 592Appendix 3 Topographic Map Symbols 593Glossary 595Illustration Credits 623Index 625