Intelligent Non-hierarchical Manufacturing Networks

Raúl Poler is Professor in Operations Management and Operations Research at the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV). His key research topics include Enterprise Modelling, Collaborative Networks, Knowledge Management, Production Planning and Control and Supply Chain Management.Luis Maia Carneiro has been Operational Manager of the Manufacturing Systems Engineering Unit of INESC Porto, Portugal since 1996. His key research interests include Collaborative Networks and Innovation Management.Thomas Jasinski is a Senior Research Associate at the Laboratory of Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) at RWTH Aachen University, Germany currently working on his PhD in Industrial Engineering/Production Management.Marc Zolghadri is currently the Head of Design Engineering (ICO) of IMS-Bordeaux Labs (Laboratoire d'Intégration du Materiau au Système) at Bordeaux 1 University, France. His key research topics include Enterprise Modelling, Engineering Design, Extended product design as well as Supply Chain Management.Paolo Pedrazzoli is Professor in Modeling and Simulation at SUPSI (University of Applied Science of Southern Switzerland). He is head of the SPS-Lab (Sustainable Production System Laboratory) and the BSc degree course in Industrial Engineering at SUPSI.

• Preface xvPart 1. Strategic 1Chapter 1. Mass Customization as an Enabler of Network Resilience 3Frank T. PILLER and Frank STEINER1.1. Introduction 31.2. The increasing importance of customer-centric manufacturing networks 41.3. Mass customization: providing an organizational structure for resilient manufacturing networks 61.3.1. Solution space development 81.3.2. Robust process design 111.3.3. Choice navigation 141.4. Conclusion 161.5. Acknowledgments 171.6. Bibliography 17Chapter 2. The Implications of Product Variety for Supply Network Design 23Andrew LYONS, Lucy EVERINGTON, Jorge HERNANDEZ and Dong LI2.1. Introduction 232.2. Literature review 242.2.1. Variety and customization management 242.2.2. Examples of product variety increase 262.2.3. Network classification systems 272.3. Integrated framework for customization and variety management 282.3.1. Strategic considerations 312.3.2. Operational considerations 332.3.3. Network collaboration 342.3.4. Customization/variety enablers 352.4. Conclusions and future research 372.5. Acknowledgment 372.6. Bibliography 37Chapter 3. Model for the Integration of Product, Process and Supply Network in Mass Customization Scenarios 41Eduardo SAIZ, Eduardo CASTELLANO, Raquel SANCHIS, Raúl POLER and Rubén DE JUAN MARÍN3.1. Introduction 413.2. Conceptual model overview 423.3. ORM problems 443.4. ORM building blocks and related ORM concepts 473.4.1. Order fulfillment strategy 483.4.2. Order generation 493.4.3. Order instantiation 503.4.4. Order promising 563.4.5. Order planning 583.4.6. Order execution 603.5. ORM key performance indicators 603.6. ORM toolbox 613.6.1. Toolbox matrix 633.6.2. Toolbox guidelines 643.7. ORM Web navigation tool 673.8. Conclusions 683.9. Acknowledgment 703.10. Bibliography 70Chapter 4. Supply Network Configuration 73Eduardo CASTELLANO, Juan Manuel BESGA, Jone Uribetxebarria and Eduardo SAIZ4.1. Introduction 734.2. Supply network simulation: A literature review 744.2.1. Introduction 744.2.2. SN simulation methods 754.2.3. SN simulation conclusions 794.3. Research problems and research approach 794.3.1. Research problems 794.3.2. Research approach 814.4. DSS description 824.4.1 DSS dynamic view 824.4.2 DSS static view 854.5. DSS supply network configuration experiments 894.5.1. Introduction 894.5.2. Experiments description 894.5.3. Simulation experiments 994.6. Conclusions 1014.7. Acknowledgments 1024.8. Bibliography 102Chapter 5. Performance Management 107Pedro S. FERREIRA, Pedro F. CUNHA, Luís MAIA CARNEIRO and André SÁ5.1. Introduction 1075.2. Strategic decisions 1105.3. A framework for performance management 1125.3.1. A stakeholder’s centered approach 1155.3.2. A value-based approach – the key success factors 1165.3.3. Reference process for performance management 1185.4. Conclusions 1205.5. Acknowledgments 1215.6. Bibliography 121Chapter 6. Sustainable Product-Process-Network 125Luca CANETTA, Donatella CORTI, Claudio Roberto BOËR and Marco TAISCH6.1. Sustainable mass customization as a winning business model 1256.2. Tools enabling the solution space development 1286.2.1. Collect customer’s requirements tools 1296.2.2. Design tools 1296.2.3. Production technologies 1306.2.4. Assessment tool 1306.2.5. Configurator 1306.3. Design process and tools enabling the solution space development 1316.3.1. Analysis of design process: shifts introduced from mass production to sustainable mass customization 1316.3.2. Relationship between design process shifts and enabling tools 1346.4. Supporting the implementation of the tools 1386.4.1. Collect customer’s requirements tools 1396.4.2. Design tools 1406.4.3. Production technologies 1406.4.4. Assessment tool 1416.4.5. Configurator 1426.5. Managerial implications 1446.6. Acknowledgment 1456.7. Bibliography 145Part 2. Tactical 147Chapter 7. Business Community Management 149Ricardo ALMEIDA, Luis MAIA CARNEIRO, André SÁ, Pedro S. FERREIRA and Rosanna FORNASIERO7.1. Introduction 1497.2. Business communities management 1517.2.1. Introduction 1517.2.2. Main actors 1537.2.3. BUILD phase 1: creating a Business Community 1537.2.4. BUILD phase 2: Business Community operation 1597.2.5. BUILD phase 3: Business Community metamorphosis 1657.2.6. BUILD phase 4: Business Community dissolution 1657.2.7. ICT support 1667.3. Conclusions 1677.4. Acknowledgments 1677.5. Bibliography 167Chapter 8. Network Collaboration 169Bernd SCHOLZ-REITER, Christian MEINECKE and Daniel RIPPEL8.1. Introduction 1698.2. Collaboration – definition, concepts and mechanisms 1708.3. The European electronic industry (EEI) and collaboration challenges 1718.3.1. EEI in numbers 1728.3.2. Application segments of the European electronic industry 1738.3.3. Collaboration challenges in the European electronics industry 1758.4. Network collaboration in the EEI – results of use case studies 1778.4.1. Requirements and indicators for efficient network collaboration 1778.4.2. Network collaboration in the EEI – application segment profiles 1788.5. Acknowledgments 1828.6. Bibliography 182Chapter 9. A Collaborative Planning Approach for Non-hierarchical Production Networks 185Ricardo ALMEIDA, César TOSCANO, Américo LOPES AZEVEDO and Luis MAIA CARNEIRO9.1. Introduction 1859.2. Related work 1889.2.1. Collaborative networks 1889.2.2. CN governance models 1899.2.3. Collaborative planning approaches 1899.3. Collaborative planning requirements 1929.4. Collaborative planning approach 1949.4.1. Aggregate collaborative planning 1959.4.2. Detailed collaborative planning 1989.4.3. Evaluating the solutions’ quality 1999.5. Conclusions 2019.6. Acknowledgments 2039.7. Bibliography 203Chapter 10. Assessment of the Impact of Missing Delivery Reliability 205Günther SCHUH, Thomas JASINSKI, Itziar RICONDO and Arkaitz URIARTE10.1. Introduction 20510.2. Importance of delivery reliability in today’s competitive environment 20610.2.1. Challenges of purchasing in the machine tool and equipment industry 20610.2.2. Effects of missing delivery reliability in non-hierarchical networks 20810.2.3. Failure of approved coordination mechanisms 20810.2.4. Necessity of a non-centralized coordination mechanism 20910.3. Mini-survey – delivery reliability in European machine tool industry 20910.3.1. Overview of the survey’s participants 21010.3.2. Main findings – challenges in logistics 21110.3.3. A branch’s desire – determination of costs of unpunctual deliveries 21210.4. Calculating the monetary value of in time deliveries 21410.4.1. Methodology for calculating the value of in-time deliveries 21410.4.2. Case study 22010.5. Summary 22210.6. Bibliography 223Chapter 11. Supplier Relationship Management in Machine Tool Industry 225Günther SCHUH, Thomas Jasinski, Anja NESTLER, Roberto PINTO, Marco TAISCH and Arkaitz URIARTE11.1. Introduction 22511.2. Control loop of supplier relationship management 22611.2.1. Elements of the SRM control loop 22611.2.2. Inputs and outputs relevant for the control loop 22911.3. Order management processes in non-hierarchical production networks 23111.3.1. Order management, production planning and scheduling 23111.3.2. Order execution reference processes and inter-company interfaces in the machine tool and equipment industry 23211.4. Performance evaluation indicators 23611.4.1. The KPIs framework in the SRM context 23811.5. Improving supplier’s delivery reliability through incentives 23911.5.1. Incentive in the European machine tool industry 24011.5.2. A methodology for supplier incentive in machine tool industry 24111.6. Conclusions 24511.7. Bibliography 246Chapter 12. Sustainable Mass Customization Assessment 249Andrea BETTONI, Donatella CORTI, Alessandro FONTANA, Mahnoosh ZEBARDAST and Paolo PEDRAZZOLI12.1. The need to assess sustainable mass customization 24912.2. Key assumptions for the model development 25112.2.1. Lifecycle perspective 25212.2.2. Unit of analysis: the solution space 25312.3. The assessment framework 25412.3.1. The S-MC-S indicators 25512.3.2. The assessment framework 26312.4. One tool, several applications 26812.5. How to implement the assessment model 27112.6. Conclusions 27412.7. Acknowledgments 27412.8. Bibliography 275Part 3. Operational 277Chapter 13. A Decision Reference Model for Non-hierarchical Networks 279Marc ZOLGHADRI, Claudia ECKERT, Xin ZHANG and Yan LIU13.1. Modeling and supporting decision-making in a non-hierarchical network 27913.2. Basic concepts 28213.2.1. Non-hierarchical networks 28213.2.2. Exchanging operational, tactical and strategic data 28413.3. GRAI modeling background 28613.4. GRAI-Project 28813.4.1. Existing limits of GRAI-Manufacturing modeling techniques 28813.4.2. Product development: the GRAI-Project 28813.4.3. Data exchange mapping 29313.4.4. The non-hierarchical decision-making reference model 29513.4.5. Methodology 29713.5. Illustrative case 29813.5.1. The firm: Belgium Electronics 29813.5.2. Objectives and problems of the enterprise 30113.5.3. Application of the methodology 30113.5.4. An example of interviews: Chief Executive Officer Mr. Thomas Roberts 30313.6. Conclusions 30513.7. Acknowledgment 30613.8. Bibliography 310Chapter 14. Evaluation of Collaborative Processes 313Bernd SCHOLZ-REITER, Daniel RIPPEL and Christian MEINECKE14.1. Introduction 31314.2. Collaborative processes 31414.3. Requirements on information exchanges in non-hierarchical supply networks 31614.4. Existing methods to evaluate collaborations in supply networks 31714.5. Evaluation of the suitability of software tools in collaborative processes 32014.5.1. Evaluation scenario preparation 32014.5.2. Evaluation workshops 32114.5.3. Interpretation 32414.6. Conclusion 32414.7. Acknowledgments 32514.8. Bibliography 325Chapter 15. Performance Measurement 329Pedro S. FERREIRA, Pedro F. CUNHA, Luís MAIA CARNEIRO and César TOSCANO15.1. Introduction 32915.2. Performance measurement in the Net-Challenge’s framework for performance management 33115.3. Supporting the strategy execution in collaborative networks 33215.3.1. Strategy deployment – the performance factors 33215.3.2. Collaboration: a key performance factor 33515.4. Performance measurement process 33715.4.1. Definition of what to measure and targets setting 33815.4.2. Setup of a measurement system 34015.4.3. Measurement and analysis of performance 34115.5. ICT platform to support performance management 34215.5.1. Performance management system setup 34315.5.2 Data collection 34315.5.3. Review performance 34415.6. Conclusions 34515.7. Acknowledgments 34615.8. Bibliography 346Chapter 16. Event Monitoring and Management Process in a Non-hierarchical Business Network  349A.H.M. SHAMSUZZOHA, Sami RINTALA, Pedro F. CUNHA, Pedro S. FERREIRA, Timo KANKAANPÄÄ, Luis MAIA CARNEIRO16.1. Introduction 34916.2. Literature review 35116.3. Event monitoring and management: perspectives from business network 35316.4. Types of events in networked business 35416.5. Collaborative event monitoring and management: an ontology-based approach 35616.5.1. Event monitoring 35716.5.2. Event management 35816.6. Collaborative event monitoring and management: a case example 36516.7. Discussion and conclusions 36816.8. Acknowledgments 36916.9. Bibliography 370Chapter 17. Extended Business Processes Execution 375Rubén Dario FRANCO and Rubén de JUAN-MARÍN17.1. Resilient networks and extended business processes execution 37517.2. Achieving extended business processes modeling and execution 37617.2.1. Interoperability concerns in resilient networks 37717.2.2. Moving from business process modeling to execution in ColNet 37917.3. ColNet approach and solution 38017.3.1. ColNet general approach 38017.3.2. ColNet functional perspective 38217.3.3. ColNet technical description 38317.3.4. ColNet roles 38517.4. Application example 38617.4.1. Ecosystem configuration and management 38617.4.2. Supporting Gheprix network lifecycle 38917.5. Conclusions 39317.6. Acknowledgments 39317.7. Bibliography 394Chapter 18. Standardization in IT-Based Procurement in Non-hierarchical Networks 395Jürgen NEISES, Anja NESTLER, Roberto PINTO, Itziar RICONDO, Marco TAISCH and Arkaitz URIARTE18.1. Introduction 39518.2. IT-based procurement in machine tool industry 39618.2.1. IT solutions for the coordination of order transaction processes 39618.2.2. Implementation level of IT-based procurement in machine tool industry 39918.3. Necessity of standards for secure communication in non-hierarchical networks 40018.3.1. Characteristics of non-hierarchical manufacturing networks 40118.3.2. Standards in secure electronic communication 40218.4. Secure messaging and archiving in non-hierarchical production networks 40418.4.1. Generic security issues in electronic business processes 40418.4.2. Storage issues 40718.5. Electronic data interchange 40818.5.1. EDI: legally binding communication in a non-hierarchical production network 40918.5.2. Structure of the EDI agreement 41118.5.3. Checklist technical annex 41118.5.4. Simple multilateral EDI in non-hierarchical networks 41218.6. Summary 41318.7. Bibliography 415List of Authors 419Index 423