Integrated Local Energy Communities

Marialaura Di Somma, PhD, is Associate Professor of Applied Thermodynamics in the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Naples Federico II (Italy).Christina Papadimitriou, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Intelligent Energy Systems in the research group Electrical Energy Systems of the Electrical Engineering department of Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), the Netherlands.Giorgio Graditi, PhD, is the Director General of ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development that depends on the Italian Ministry of the Environment and Energy Security.Koen Kok, PhD, is Full Professor of Intelligent Energy Systems in the research group Electrical Energy Systems of the Electrical Engineering department of Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), the Netherlands.

• Preface xvii1 Introduction: The Need for Sector Coupling and the Energy Transition Goals 1Marialaura Di Somma, Christina Papadimitriou, Giorgio Graditi, and Koen Kok1.1 Introduction 11.2 Opportunities for Sector Coupling to Contribute to Decarbonization 41.3 European Energy Legislation and Initiatives Supporting Sector Coupling 101.4 Main Barriers to Implementation 121.5 The Integrated Local Energy Community Concept to Foster Sector Coupling at the Local Level Through End-Users Engagement 142 Current Status of Multi-carrier Energy Systems in Europe with Main Limitations and Shortcomings to the Optimal Use of Local Energy Resources 19Andrei Morch, Hanne Sæle, Jesús Fraile Ardanuy, Giuseppe Conti, Gabriele Comodi, and Mosè Rossi2.1 Introduction 192.2 Methodology 192.3 The Scoping Study: Road Maps and the Overall Pan-European Priorities 202.4 Review of Sector Coupling Technologies for Integrated Local Energy Communities 302.5 Review of Limitations and Barriers for the Optimal Use of the Local Energy Resources 352.6 Conclusions and Lessons Learned 453 The Concept of Integrated Local Energy Communities: Key Features and Enabling Technologies 55Amedeo Buonanno, Martina Caliano, Gianfranco Chicco, Marialaura Di Somma, Giorgio Graditi, Valeria Palladino, Christina Papadimitriou, and Hanne Sæle3.1 Introduction 553.2 Key Features of ILECs 563.3 Enabling Technologies 623.4 Summary of Main Barriers to the Use of Enabling Technologies in the ILEC 894 Actors, Business Models, and Key Issues for the Implementation of Integrated Local Energy Communities 99Martina Caliano, Alberto Borghetti, Amedeo Buonanno, Marialaura Di Somma, Salvatore Fabozzi, Giorgio Graditi, Carlo Alberto Nucci, Christina Papadimitriou, and Peter Richardson4.1 Introduction 994.2 Actors' Roles and Interactions Within ILECs 1014.3 Key Issues for the Implementation of ILECs 1054.4 Business Models for ILECs 1214.5 Conclusion and Lessons Learned on Barriers, Benefits, and Policy Implications for ILECs Implementation 1305 Comprehensive Analysis and Future Outlook of Planning and Operation Approaches for Multicarrier Energy Systems Under the Integrated Local Energy Community Concept 139Christina Papadimitriou, Marialaura Di Somma, Dimitrios Tzelepis, Koen Kok, and Giorgio Graditi5.1 Introduction 1395.2 Optimal Planning of Multicarrier Energy Systems 1415.3 Operational Planning of Multicarrier Energy Systems for Day-Ahead Optimization and Decision-Making Under Uncertainties 1475.4 Optimal Operation of Multicarrier Energy Systems in Real Time Under Multiobjective Approaches Considering Demand-Response Programs and Market Interaction 1525.5 Data Architectures, Control Technologies, and the Scaling of Energy Systems 1565.6 Holistic Approach in Planning and Operating an ILEC 1665.7 Conclusion 1726 Analytical Framework for Coordinated Planning and Operation of Multicarrier Energy Systems 187Marialaura Di Somma, Christina Papadimitriou, Anastasios Oulis Rousis, Angelos Patsidis, Miadreza Shafie-Khah, Vahid Shahbazbegian, and Magnus Askeland6.1 Introduction 1876.2 Modeling of Energy Technologies in MCES 1916.3 The Optimal Design Problem for MCES 1966.4 Optimal Day-Ahead Scheduling of MCES Under Uncertainties and by Considering DR Programs 2006.5 Optimal Real-Time Operation of MCES 2096.6 Analysis of Commercial Tools for the Optimal Design and Operation of MCES 2156.7 Conclusions and Lessons Learned 2207 Integrated Flexibility Solutions for Effective CongestionManagement in Distribution Grids 225Bart van der Holst, Gijs Verhoeven, Milad Kazemi, Christina Papadimitriou, Marialaura Di Somma, and Koen Kok7.1 Introduction 2257.2 Congestion Management in Distribution Systems 2267.3 Integrated Flexibility in ILECs 2347.4 Instruments for Flexibility Activation for Congestion Management 2477.5 Challenges and Outlook 2548 Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Approaches: Maximizing the Active Participation of the Prosumers in the Multi-carrier Energy Communities 265Andrés F. Cortés-Borray, Amaia González-Garrido, Ander Z. Gómez, Joseba J. Huarte, and Nerea R. Carames8.1 Introduction 2658.2 Background and P2P Concept 2668.3 P2P Methods and Logical Architecture 2708.4 Literature Review 2768.5 P2P Approach in the eNeuron Project 2888.6 Conclusion 2919 Integration of Multiple Energy Communities: Transaction Prices, Reactive Power Control, and Ancillary Services 299Alberto Borghetti, Tohid Harighi, Carlo Alberto Nucci, Giorgio Graditi, Marialaura Di Somma, and Martina Caliano9.1 Introduction 2999.2 Multiple Energy Communities 3009.3 Provision of Reactive Power Compensation Services 3079.4 Electromobility Integration 3159.5 Conclusion and Key Learnings 31710 Validation of Energy Hub Solutions Through Simulation and Testing in a Lab Environment and Real World 323Gabriele Comodi, Mosè Rossi, Alessandro Romagnoli, Alessio Tafone, and Andreas Tuerk10.1 Introduction 32310.2 Energy Hub and Micro Energy Hub Architecture 32410.3 EH and mEH Validation Through Simulation and Testing in Lab Environment 32910.4 EH and mEH Validation Through Simulation and Testing in RealWorld 33910.5 EH and mEH: An Architecture for Renewable Energy Communities 34310.6 Conclusions and Lessons Learned 34711 Energy Communities as an Alternative Way of Organizing the Energy System in Europe: Key Societal Aspects 353Anna J. Wieczorek, Natascha van Bommel, Amira El-Feiaz, Nikki Kluskens, Irene Niet, Luc van Summeren, Johanna Höffken, Floor Alkemade, Laura van den Berghe, Claudia Meloni, Giorgio Graditi, and Marialaura Di Somma11.1 Introduction 35311.2 A Sociotechnical Approach 35411.3 Changing Energy System 35611.4 Energy Communities as New Actors 35811.5 Technology Facilitating or Hindering Energy Communities? 36311.6 Regulations and Markets as Key Institutional Structures 36711.7 How It Looks in Practice 37011.8 Conclusions 37412 Guidelines and Recommendations for Optimal Implementation of Integrated Local Energy Communities 389Leonard E.R. Perez, Bernadette Fina, Branislav Iglár, Carolin Monsberger, Klara Maggauer, Natália de A.B. Weber, Georgios Yiasoumas, George Georghiou, José Villar, João Mello, and Rad Stanev12.1 Introduction 38912.2 Main Challenges of Integrated Local Energy Communities Implementation at the European Level 39012.3 Guidelines and Recommendations for Optimal Implementation of ILECs 39112.4 Conclusion 409Acknowledgment 410List of Abbreviations 410References 41113 Conclusions and Key Findings on the Integrated Local Energy Community Concepts and Related Applications 415Marialaura Di Somma, Christina Papadimitriou, Giorgio Graditi, and Koen KokList of Abbreviations 423Index 425