Inorganic and Organic Thin Films

Yujun Song, PhD, is Professor in the School of Mathematics and Physics at University of Science and Technology Beijing, China. He received his doctorate in Materials Science and Engineering from Beijing University of Chemical Technology.

• Volume 1Biography xvPreface xviiAcknowledgments xxi1 Introduction: Progress of Thin Films and Coatings 1Yujun Song1.1 Introduction 11.2 Thin Films for the Innovation of Information Technology 21.3 Thin Films for Ultrasensitive Sensing Devices 71.4 Thin Films for Sustainable Energy Application 91.5 Thin Films and Coatings for Key Sources and Ecological Environment of Earth 281.6 Thin Films and Coatings for Biomedical Engineering and Life Science 321.7 Thin Films and Coatings for National Defense and Homeland Security 38Acknowledgments 41List of Abbreviations 42References 442 Fundamental in Functional Thin Films and Coatings 59Weiwei Zhang and Yujun Song2.1 Introduction 592.2 Theory of Magneto-electric Coupling in Magnetic Thin Films 592.3 Theory of Electronic Thin Films: Electronic Percolation and Spintronic Theory on the Semiconductor Thin Film 602.4 Theory of Metal Structural Thin Films: Metamaterials and the Negative Permeability Theory and Maxwell Theory 622.5 Theory of Surface Plasmon Resonance and Magnetoplasmonic Thin Films 662.6 Heterojunction Theory 732.7 Topological Insulator, Topological Semi-metal, and Perovskite 742.8 Acoustic Theory 772.9 Theory of Magnetoacoustic and Photoacoustic Coupling 792.9.1 The Mechanism of the Sound Pressure in the Presence of the Pulse Magnetic Field 802.9.2 The Mechanism of the Sound Pressure in the Presence of the Pulsed Magnetic Field and Static Magnetic Field 802.10 Theory of Acoustooptic Effect 822.11 Magnetothermal Thin Films: Phonon Thermal Theory 832.12 Theory of Thermoelectric Effect 842.13 Thermal Barrier Insulation Theory for TBC Coating 862.14 Permeability Theory: Fick First Diffusion Theory and Fick Second Diffusion Theory 872.15 Multi-physical Field Coupling Theory and Simulation Software Introduction 88Acknowledgments 90List of Abbreviation 91References 913 Multilayered Magnetic Thin Films for Electron Transport Control and Signal Sensing: From GMR, CMR, TMR to Quantum Anomalous Holzer Effect 95Weiwei Zhang and Yujun Song3.1 Introduction 953.2 Multilayered Magnetic Thin Film for the Electron Transport Control and Sensing Based on Magnetoresistance (GMR) Effect 963.2.1 Introduction of GMR 963.2.2 Fabrication of GMR Multilayered Thin Films 973.2.2.1 MBE Method for the Fabrication of the GMR Devices 993.2.2.2 Magnetron Sputtering Method for the Fabrication of GMR Devices 993.2.3 GMR Applications for Sensors 1003.3 Multilayered Magnetic Thin Film for the Electron Transport Control and Sensing Based on Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR) Effect 1023.3.1 Introduction of CMR 1023.3.2 Fabrication of Multilayered Thin Films Based on CMR Effect 1033.3.3 CMR Applications 1053.4 Multilayered Magnetic Thin Film for the Electron Transport Control and Sensing Based on Colossal Tunneling Magnetoresistance (TMR) Effect 1063.4.1 Introduction of TMR 1063.4.2 Fabrication of Multilayered Thin Films of the TMR Effect 1073.4.3 TMR Applications 1103.5 The Multilayered Magnetic Thin Film Based on Quantum Anomalous Holzer Effect (QAHE) 1113.6 Summary and Perspectives 112Acknowledgments 113List of Abbreviation and Symbol 114References 1144 Bismuth-Substituted Iron Garnet Films for Magnetophotonics: Part A – Fabrication Methods and Microstructure Property Study 125Andrey A. Voronov, T. Mikhailova, Olga V. Borovkova, Alexander N. Shaposhnikov, Vladimir N. Berzhansky, and Vladimir I. Belotelov4.1 Introduction 1254.2 Fabrication Methods 1264.2.1 Synthesis Technology and Conditions of Bismuth-substituted Iron Garnet Films 1264.2.2 Fabrication of Fabry–Perot 1D-MPC with BiIG Bilayer 1354.2.3 Fabrication of Tamm 1D-MPC with BiIG Bilayer 1364.3 Properties of the Structures 1394.3.1 Magneto-optical Properties of FP-1D-MPCs 1394.3.2 Magneto-optical Properties of T-1D-MPCs with BiIG Bilayer 1434.3.3 An increase of the Magneto-optical Response in the Ultrathin Films 145Acknowledgment 155List of Abbreviations and Symbols 156References 1565 Bismuth-substituted Iron Garnet Films for Magnetophotonics: Part B – Devices and Applications 161Andrey A. Voronov, Daria O. Ignatyeva, Nikolay A. Gusev, Petr M. Vetoshko, Nazar V. Lugovskoy, Yujun Song, Vladimir N. Berzhansky, and Vladimir I. Belotelov5.1 Device Assemble and Application of Iron Garnet Films for Ultrasensitive Magnetometry 1615.2 Devices Assemble and Application of BiIG Films for Biosensing 1745.3 Devices Assemble and Application of Iron Garnet Films for Magneto-optical Eddy Current Flaw Detection 1785.3.1 Introduction 1785.3.2 Experimental Part 1795.3.3 Introscope 1805.3.4 Physical Properties of MO Sensors 1815.3.5 The Sensory Properties of the EA Films 1845.3.5.1 The Effect of Alternating Field Amplitude 1845.3.5.2 The Effect of Alternating Field Frequency 1845.3.5.3 The Effect of Bias Magnetic Field 1855.3.5.4 Dynamic Domains in the Garnet Film Sensor Element 1865.3.6 The Sensory Properties of the EP Films 1885.3.7 Applications of MOEC: Imaging of Welds 1885.3.7.1 Nondefective Welds 1885.3.7.2 Defective Welds 1905.3.8 Simulation of EC Magnetic Fields in Samples with Defects 1915.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 193Acknowledgments 193List of Abbreviation and Symbol 194References 1946 MEMS, NEMS, AEMS, and Quantum Films for the Next Generation of Computing and Information Technology 199Haishuai Chai, Junmei Wang, and Yujun Song6.1 Introduction 1996.2 Typical Fabrication Methods for MEMS, NEMS, and AEMS 2006.2.1 Fabrication of Microstructures 2006.2.2 Fabrication Process of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) 2036.2.3 Fabrication Process of Field Emission Transistors (FET) 2036.2.4 Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Sensor and Its Fabrication Method 2046.3 From MEMS to NEMS and then to Quantum Films and AEMS for the Next Generation of Information Technology 2056.3.1 The Trend of Microsystem Integration Technology 2056.3.2 The Development Trend of Microsystem Packaging Technology 2076.3.3 Challenges in the Development of Microsystems Technology 2076.4 NEMS and AEM 2106.4.1 NEMS 2106.4.2 AEMS 2116.5 Quantum Films for Information Technology 2126.6 Summary and Perspectives 214Acknowledgments 214List of Abbreviations 214References 2157 Metamaterial or Metastructural Thin Films for EM Wave Control 221Menglin L.N. Chen, Luzhou Chen, Xunwang Dang, Maokun Li, Li Jun Jiang, and Wei E.I. Sha7.1 Introduction 2217.2 Modeling and Synthesis Methods of Metasurfaces 2227.2.1 Jones Vector and Jones Matrix 2237.2.2 Polarizability Model 2247.2.3 Susceptibility Model 2257.2.4 Equivalent Impedance Model 2267.3 Simulation Algorithms of Quasi-periodic Electromagnetic Surfaces 2277.3.1 Introduction to EM Surfaces 2277.3.2 Design of Quasi-periodic EM Surfaces 2287.3.3 Simulation Algorithms of Quasi-periodic EM Surfaces 2297.3.4 Review of Simulation Algorithms of Quasi-periodic EM Surfaces 2307.4 Orbital Angular Momentum of Electromagnetic Waves: Generation and Detection 2337.4.1 Introduction 2337.4.2 Generation of Orbital Angular Momentum 2347.4.2.1 Geometric-phase Metasurfaces 2347.4.2.2 Photonic Crystals 2377.4.3 Detection of Orbital Angular Momentum 2387.5 Application in Spontaneous Emission Modification 2417.5.1 Spontaneous Emission in Inhomogeneous Electromagnetic Environment 2417.5.2 Calculation of Spontaneous Emission Rate 2427.5.3 Metamaterials Enhance Spontaneous Emission 2427.5.4 Metasurfaces Enhance Spontaneous Emission 2437.5.5 Other Potential Application in Quantum Optics 2457.6 Conclusion and Perspectives 245Acknowledgments 245List of Abbreviations 246References 2478 Semiconductor Thin Films for Information Technology 257Na Chen8.1 Introduction 2578.2 Fabrication of Semiconductor Thin Films 2588.2.1 Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) 2598.2.2 Magnetron Sputtering 2598.2.3 Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) 2608.3 Nonmagnetic Semiconductor Thin Films and Typical Applications 2618.3.1 Semiconductor Thin Films for Light-emitting Devices 2618.3.2 Thin Film Transistors for Displays 2638.3.3 Phase-change Semiconductor Thin Films 2648.3.4 Semiconductor Thin Films for Sensors 2688.4 Magnetic Semiconductor Thin Films 2698.4.1 Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors 2708.4.2 Amorphous Magnetic Semiconductors 2728.4.3 Phase-change Amorphous Magnetic Semiconductor Thin Films 2758.4.4 Magnetic Semiconductor Thin Film-based Spintronic Devices 2778.4.5 Prospective for Magnetic Semiconductors 2798.5 Conclusion and Outlook 280List of Abbreviations 280References 2809 Glass Transition in Organic Semiconductor Thin Films 285Han-Nan Yang and Zheng-Hong Lu9.1 Introduction 2859.2 Determination of Glass Transition Temperature in Organic Thin Films 2879.3 Model for Predicting Glass Transition Temperature of Organic–Organic Composites 2919.4 Model for Predicting Glass Transition Temperature of Nano-organic Composites 2929.5 Summary 295Acknowledgments 296List of Abbreviations 296References 29610 Thermoelectric Films for Electricity Generation 299Metin Yurddaskal, Melis Yurddaskal, Ozan Yilmaz, and Serdar Gultekin10.1 Introduction 29910.2 Thermoelectricity 30010.3 Overview of Inorganic and Organic Thermoelectrics for Thin Films 30110.3.1 The Seebeck Effect 30110.3.2 The Peltier Effect 30710.3.3 The Thomson Effect 30910.4 Classification of Thin Film Thermoelectric (TE) Materials 31110.4.1 Inorganic Thermoelectric Thin Films 31110.4.1.1 Bi–Te-Based Superlattices 31110.4.1.2 Cobalt Oxide-Based Thin Films 31110.4.1.3 Zn-Based Thin Films 31210.4.1.4 Cu-Based Thin Films 31210.4.2 Organic-based Thin Film TE Materials 31310.4.2.1 Polyacetylene and Polyaniline 31310.4.2.2 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) 31310.4.2.3 Polypyrrole and Polythiophene 31410.4.2.4 Other n-Type Polymers 31410.4.3 Inorganic–Organic Composite Thermoelectric Thin Film Materials 31410.4.3.1 Metal–Organic Frameworks 31510.4.3.2 Carbon Nanotube–Polymer Composites 31510.5 Applications of Thermoelectric Materials 31510.5.1 Thermoelectric Cooling 31610.5.2 Thermoelectric Power Generation 31610.5.3 Organic Inverter Circuit 31610.5.4 Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) 31810.5.5 Organic Radio Frequency Identification Tags 31910.5.6 Organic DNA Sensors 31910.5.7 Limitations 32010.6 Techniques of Thin Film Deposition for Thermoelectric Device 32010.6.1 Sputtering 32010.6.2 Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) 32110.6.3 Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) 32110.6.4 Electrochemical Deposition (ECD) 32310.6.5 Flash Evaporation (FE) 32310.6.6 Thermal Evaporation 32410.6.7 Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) 32410.7 Conclusion and Future Trends 326List of Abbreviations and Symbols 327References 328Volume 2Biography xvPreface xviiAcknowledgments xxi11 Template-assisted Fabrication of Nanostructure Thin Films for Ultrasensitive Detection of Chemicals and Biomolecules: Part A – Template-assisted Nanoimprinting Technology for Functional Thin Films 339Xiaomin Zhu, Xinhua Chen, Andrey A. Voronov, Vladimir I. Belotelov, and Yujun Song12 Template-assisted Fabrication of Nanostructured Thin Films for Ultrasensitive Detection of Chemicals and Biomolecules: Part B – Detection of Chemicals and Biomolecules Based on Nanostructured Thin Films 381Xiaomin Zhu, Xinhua Chen, and Yujun Song13 Polymer-based Films for Artificial Intelligence 411Ran Liu, Junmei Wang, and Yujun Song14 Selective Permeable Thin Films and Membranes 447Qiong Wu, Xiaoxiong Zhao, Lifan Peng, and Yujun Song15 Biomass-Derived Functional Films and Coatings 489Gao Xiao16 Polymer Composite Coating for Anti-marine and Related Organism Corrosion 511Kaifeng Chen, Zhipeng Xie, Yu Liang, Jingjing Wang, and Haiyan Zhuang17 Anechoic Coating for Underwater Vehicles 549Weiwei Zhang and Yujun Song18 Thin Films and/or Coating for Electromagnetic Interference and Stealth 587Junmei Wang and Yujun Song19 Thermal Barrier Coating for Aerial and Aerospace Engine 615Zaidao Li and Yujun Song20 Perspectives for Thin Films and Coatings 647Yujun SongIndex 681