Innovation Engineering

Patrick Corsi is an international consultant in innovation engineering at KINNSYS, Brussels and an Associate Professor at ISTIA Innovation, Angers University. Hervé Christofol is an Associate Professor at Angers University. Simon Richir is a Professor at ENSAM, Angers. Henri Samier is an Associate Professor at ISTIA Innovation, Angers University.

• PART 1. The Global Innovation World: Which Visions Ahead? 1Chapter 1. Inventing the Future 3Fabienne GOUX-BAUDIMENT and Christopher B. JONES1.1. Innovation 41.1.1. How should innovation be designed? 41.1.2. Profile of the innovator 61.2. Futures thinking 81.2.1. Futures thinking: a tool to build the future 81.2.2. Profile of the futurist 101.3. Change and network 121.3.1. When innovation feeds futures thinking: the study of change 121.3.2. When futures thinking helps innovation: opening the road to change 17Chapter 2. Innovation Management: How to Change the Future 25André-Yves PORTNOFF2.1. The innovation, beyond technique 252.1.1. The fiction of the linear model 252.1.2. Technically and societally viable 262.1.3. Technical and societal futuribles 272.2. Innovations in an era of digital networks 282.2.1. More and more power 282.2.2. Cost of organizational transaction and innovation 292.3. Shortsightedness against innovation 302.3.1. Credibility of the message and the messenger? 302.3.2. Outdated evidences 302.3.3. A too narrow vision 312.3.4. False proofs 312.3.5. Significances ignored 322.3.6. Under-estimation of evolution potential 332.3.7. Dare to imagine breaks 332.3.8. Blinding arrogance 342.3.9. “The situation is under control” 352.4. Innovation as a process of creation of values 362.4.1. Sell the training with the product 362.4.2. Network, creator of value 372.5. Conclusion 38Chapter 3. From Knowledge to Business: Virtual Encounters Propagate Innovation 41Patrick CORSI and Barnabas TAKÁCS3.1. Where information society mixes up our linear and local schemes 423.2. Knowledge on the move through networks: examples of innovation processes 443.3. Three laws underpinning technological evolution 463.4. How do virtual encounters ride the technology lifecycle curve? 473.5. The virtual human interface (VHI) brings a new meaning to communication 493.6. The emotional modulation opens up new business spaces 523.7. The requirements for a VHI 523.8. Bridging the digital divide: should not we replace the ill-fated WIMP interface? 54Chapter 4. Value Management’s Creative-Destruction via Digitalized Innovation: The Winning Plan 57Jean MICHEL and Roy WOODHEAD4.1. Introduction 574.2. The straightjacket of selling training and certification agenda 584.3. What exactly does innovation mean? 594.4. Value management: a long history 614.5. Definitions and rigidity 674.6. Potential of valorique in relation to the innovation 704.6.1. Problem scanning and framing: “inquiry and questioning” 704.6.2. A “systemic” step with mobilization-confrontation from multiple points of view 714.6.3. A reference frame that defines “functional need” based on function analysis 724.6.4. Cost intelligence and focusing on the economy of the means 734.6.5. The mobilization of information, knowledge and competences 744.6.6. Project management and the rigor of VA 754.6.7. The explicit or implicit recourse to the practices and techniques that enable creativity 754.7. Digital technology, networking, and an ability to innovate differently 764.7.1. The “valorique” culture 774.7.2. The digital revolution 784.7.3. Two innovating processes of different natures 794.7.4. The digital arrival of “valorique” 804.8. VM and digital networks. 81Chapter 5. Research, Innovation and Technological Development 85Mélissa SAADOUN and Lin YANNING5.1. Introduction 855.1.1. Innovation is about taking risks and managing change 855.1.2. The importance of innovation in the economy 865.2. Science, technology and innovation: building regional capacities 865.2.1. Promoting business opportunities in science and technology 875.2.2. Promoting infrastructure development as a technology learning process 875.2.3. Expanding access to science and technology education and research 885.2.4. Improving science and technology advice 885.3. Technology and global science for a better development 885.3.1. Structural funds to support research and innovation 905.3.2. Technology in today’s global setting 905.3.3. Technological capabilities 915.3.4. Infrastructure and technological innovation 945.3.5. Research facilities as infrastructure 955.3.6. Mobilizing the engineering profession 955.4. Innovation and economic advance 965.4.1. Platform technologies with wide applicability 975.4.2. Information and communication technology 975.4.3. The network revolution 985.5. Investing in science, technology and education 995.5.1. New roles for universities 995.5.2. The role of ICT in education 1015.5.3. The role of universities in innovation 1025.6. Conclusion 103Chapter 6. Sustainable Innovation through Community Based Collaborative Environments 105Marc PALLOT and Kul PAWAR6.1. Introduction 1056.2. Components of collaboration 1066.2.1. Different forms of collaboration 1066.2.2. Different methods of work 1086.2.3. Mobility 1096.2.4. Teleworking (distance or remote working) 1106.3. A systematic approach to collaboration 1116.4. The collaborative enterprise 1126.5. The network of innovative companies 1136.5.1. Mixed marketing 1136.5.2. Strategic coordination of partner networks 1146.5.3. Financing innovation within a network 1146.5.4. Company networks as incubators of innovation 1146.5.5. The infrastructure of collaboration 1146.6. Concurrent engineering 1156.7. Adaptation of the collaboration process 1176.8. Management of a collaborative project 1186.9. Conclusions 121Chapter 7. New Spaces for Innovation, New Challenges 123Hiroshi MIZUTA, Victor SANDOVAL and Henri SAMIER7.1. Introduction 1237.2. Internet waves 1247.2.1. P2P technology 1277.2.2. Grid computing technology 1287.2.3. Grid computing in Japan 1317.3. Strategies of innovation 1337.4. Hyperspace: new dimension of innovation 1357.4.1. Hyperspace laws 1367.4.2. Hypertime or space time 1387.4.3. Distance and hyperdistance 1407.5. Cyberenergy and cyberentropy 1417.6. Conclusions143PART 2. Tooling Innovation: Which Methods to Play and How? 145Chapter 8. Knowledge Management for Innovation 147Marc de FOUCHÉCOUR8.1. Introduction 1478.1.1. Studies 1478.1.2. Objectives and plan 1498.2. Innovation and knowledge 1508.2.1. Some dualities 1518.2.2. Innovation and knowledge 1528.3. Reports 1538.3.1. The reversal of the pyramid 1538.3.2. Complex – collective 1538.3.3. The paradox of time: compression and space 1548.3.4. Stakeholder-oriented management 1548.3.5. Matrix organization 1548.3.6. Methods, tools and incantations 1548.4. Knowledge: some “organizers” 1558.4.1. The DIK model (Data-Information-Knowledge): knowledge as an object 156 8.4.2. The creative spiral and the Ba 1588.4.3. Knowledge as a process 1608.4.4. Cycles of innovation and of knowledge 1618.5. Cultures, methods and tools 1668.5.1. Where do we start? 1668.5.2. Methods and tools for collective knowledge 1678.5.3. Induced effects and combinations 1718.6. Key factors 1728.6.1. To share or not to share? 1728.6.2. Learning or teaching 1738.6.3. Stress and confidence 1738.7. Conclusions and openings 173Chapter 9. Integration of Stylistics and Uses: Trends in the Innovation Process 175Carole BOUCHARD, Hervé CHRISTOFOL and Dokshin LIM9.1. Theories and concepts of stylistic innovation. 1769.1.1. The universe of exchanges and influences 1769.1.2. Trends in design 1769.1.3. The stylistic attributes 1779.1.4. Usage attributes 1789.1.5. Stylistic tendencies and use1799.1.6. Reasoning in the design professions and analogy in particular 1799.1.7. Human values and product value 1819.2. Methods and tools of stylistic innovation 1829.2.1. The universe of exchange to the universe of influences 1829.2.2. The analysis of iconic contents 1839.2.3. Modeling of the analysis process of the tendencies of a universe of exchange 1859.2.4. The harmonies of attributes 1879.2.5. The chain of value/function/attribute 1889.3. The step of stylistic monitoring and its application in designing the automobile trends panel 190 9.3.1. The construction of specifications and requirements 1909.3.2. The determination of the influential universes 1919.3.3 the analysis of the tendencies and their descriptions 1939.3.4. The integration of tendencies in design of product 1939.4. Conclusion 195Chapter 10. Virtual Reality Technologies for Innovation 197Simon RICHIR, Patrick CORSI and Albert “Skip” RIZZO10.1. Introduction 19710.2. The digital chain of conceptualization in the enterprise 19810.3. Work on virtual project platforms 20010.4. Virtualization of professions 20210.5. What Virtual environments really mean 20610.5.1. Today’s challenges 20610.5.2. Perspectives 20810.6. The challenge ahead 211Chapter 11. TRIZ: A New Way of Innovation 213Darrell MANN and Pascal CRUBLEAU11.1. Introduction 21311.1.1. Product designing methods 21311.1.2. An important stage 21411.2. A deterministic vision of future technologies 21511.2.1. General introduction 21511.2.2. Introductory ideas 21711.2.3. Postulates of TRIZ 21811.3. Conclusion 221Chapter 12. C4 Innovation Method: A Method for Designing Innovations 223Olaf MAXANT, Gérald PIAT and Benoît ROUSSEL12.1. Introduction 22312.2. The approach of innovation in the commercial domain of EDF R&D 22512.3. The C4 method 22712.3.1. Overview of the method 22712.3.2. Phase 1: comprehension of demand 22712.3.3. Phase 2: creation 22812.3.4. Phase 3: contextualization 22912.3.5. Phase 4: confrontation 23112.3.6. Modeling of the process 23112.4. Diverse experimentations of the process 23212.4.1. The “New Offers” project: contribution of the dynamic concept in comparison to the static concept 23212.4.2. Collaboration with the Studio Créatif of France Télécom: towards an evaluation of service 23412.5. Some new tools to facilitate the collaboration and the contextualization; towards an instrumentation of the process: “IdéoFil” and “StoryoFil” 23512.5.1. IdéoFil 23612.5.2. StoryoFil 23812.6. Conclusions 238Chapter 13. Creativity World 239Michel SINTES13.1. Introduction 23913.2. Reflections on creativity 23913.3. A human concept 24013.3.1. Idea/intention 24113.3.2. Thought/objective 24213.3.3. The emotional aspect 24213.3.4. Behavior 24313.3.5. Result 24413.3.6. Mini-cycle of creativity 24513.3.7. The scale of values 24613.4. The state to being one with the environment 24813.5. The age of networks 250PART 3. Innovation Management: Which Factors Underpin Success? 251Chapter 14. Psychology of Innovation and Change Factors 253Laurent DUKAN14.1. Introduction 25314.2. Innovation and research 25514.3. Change in mentality 25514.4. The principal cultural indicators for innovation 25614.4.1. Fear and taking risks 25614.4.2. Conformity and originality 25714.4.3. The unknown and the future 25714.4.4. Complexity 25914.4.5. Mechanistic, systemic and complex thought 26014.4.6. Communication and recognition 26214.4.7. Failure and success 26414.5. Conclusion 265Chapter 15. Intellectual Property for Networks and Software 267Sylvain ALLANO15.1. Introduction 26715.2. State of the problems and the protagonists 26815.3. The main “nodes” in intellectual property amidst the networks operated in the context of innovation 26815.4. Intellectual property rights applicable to the context of networks 27015.5. Copyright “software” against networks 27015.5.1. The main statutory copyright “software” 27015.5.2. Intellectual property of the software circulating in the network 27115.5.3. Intellectual property for software involving networks 27215.5.4. Software copyright limitations 27215.5.5. Software copyright 27315.6. Free software 27315.7. Protection through patents for communication software and networks 274 15.8. Actors in the networks and intellectual property 27515.8.1. Intellectual property of databases 27515.8.2. Expert systems and tools of artificial intelligence 27615.8.3. Computer generated creations 27615.9. Digital Rights Management (DRM) 27615.10. When the networks themselves become tools for intellectual property 27715.11. Enforcing intellectual property rights on the network scale 27715.12. Conclusion: intellectual property and the networks: an advantage for innovation 278Chapter 16. Innovation Scoreboard for Core Competencies Evaluation 279Nathalie SAMIER16.1. Introduction 27916.2. Locations of the immaterial capital 28016.2.1. Contribution of the theories of resources 28016.2.2. The immaterial capital: intangible investment and intangible assets 28116.3. Competences to innovate 28216.3.1. Competences resulting from an internal interaction 28316.3.2. Competences resulting from an external interaction 28316.4. The key to the creation of knowledge 28416.4.1. Modes of conversion of knowledge 28516.4.2. The spiral of knowledge 28616.5. The valorization of innovation in terms of the scoreboard 28716.5.1. The value of IC conceived by SKANDIA 28716.5.2. The SKANDIA navigator 28816.5.3. The adaptations of SKANDIA model 29016.6. Conclusion 293Chaptrer 17. Financing Innovation 295Pascale BRENET17.1. Needs for financing associated with innovation 29517.1.1. Time, risk and cost of innovation 29617.1.2. The financial lifecycle of innovation 29817.1.3. The financial fragility of innovating small companies 30117.2. Adaptation of resources to innovation: “patient” and “loseable” money 30117.2.1. Arbitration between debt and capital 30217.2.2. A pool of resources 30417.3. The financial system of innovation 30617.3.1. Capital-investment 30617.3.2. Markets of growing stocks 31017.3.3. Public financing of innovation 31117.4. Conclusion 312Chapter 18. Innovation on the Web 315François DRUEL18.1. Introduction 31518.2. Distribution model: Open Source and software patents 31718.2.1. The clash of the titans 31718.2.2. Publication vs. patents: innovation vs. industry? 31918.3. An enormous base of information 32018.4. Marketing and innovation on the Web 32218.4.1. A leverage 32218.4.2. A deep impression 32318.4.3. New reflexes 32418.5. A fantastic tool for sharing 32518.5.1. If you don’t know, ask, and if you know, share! 32518.5.2. Business-to-business: Eldorado or damp squib? 32618.6. E-commerce: a soufflé fallen flat? 32718.6.1. Between the hare and the tortoise 32818.6.2. Incorrect good ideas for reel disadvantages 33018.7. Conclusion 331Chapter 19. Virtual Decision Support System for Innovation 333Emmanuel CHÉNÉ19.1. Introduction 33319.2. From the management of innovation to the management of design 33419.3. Intermediary virtual representations in the industrial context and transmissible via the Internet 33719.3.1. From VIR in fixed 2D to VIR in interactive 3D via the Internet 33719.3.2. Characterization of virtual intermediary representations in the industrial context and its transmission via Internet 33919.4. Developing a decision-making aid with joint analysis software 34019.4.1. Software tools for joint analysis 34119.5. Implementation of the software in SME of packaging creation 34219.5.1. Choice of designs and specifications 34319.5.2. Collection of data 34419.5.3. Calculation of uses 34519.6. Analysis of contributions of VIR with joint analysis in designing 34619.6.1. Cognitive limitations 34719.6.2. Limitations in terms of management of decision-making aids 34819.7. Perspectives 34919.8. Conclusion 350Chapter 20. Shapes, Knowledge and Innovation 353Jean-Pierre MATHIEU, Michel LE RAY and Ilya KIRIA20.1. Introduction 35320.1.1. Existence and theory of universal forms: chosen angles and sacred proportions 35420.2.1. Notion of chosen angles developed by physical sciences and between microscopic and macroscopic scales 35520.2.2. Golden angles and forms constructed by man 35620.2.3. Golden angles and other geometric forms 36020.2.4. Contributions of neurophysiology 36120.2.5. Contribution of cognitive psychology 36320.3. The spatial quantification of an object 36320.4. Overall finding 370Bibliography 373List of Authors 397Index 401