Industrial Inorganic Pigments
Inbunden, Engelska, 2005
Av Gunter Buxbaum, Gerhard Pfaff, Gunter Buxbaum, Gerhard Pfaff, Germany) Buxbaum, Gunter (Bayer AG, Krefeld, Germany) Pfaff, Gerhard (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt
3 509 kr
Produktinformation
- Utgivningsdatum2005-02-15
- Mått178 x 244 x 23 mm
- Vikt680 g
- FormatInbunden
- SpråkEngelska
- Antal sidor315
- Upplaga3
- FörlagWiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
- ISBN9783527303632
Tillhör följande kategorier
Dr. Gunter Buxbaum, born 1943 studied chemistry at the Technical University of Berlin and finished his PhD-Thesis in 1971 in the field of solid state chemistry. In 1973 he joined the research department for magnetic iron oxide pigment of Bayer AG. He headed the R&D-department for iron oxides for 20 years after which he implemented modern IP-Management in the chemicals department. The Otto-Bayer-Award, about 50 patents and many articles in handbooks and journals were the output of his scientific work. He also lectures inorganic pigment chemistry. Dr. Gerhard Pfaff studied chemistry and obtained his Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry 1983 from the Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena in Germany. His postgraduate research was in the field of solid-state chemistry and ceramic materials at the University of Jena. In 1991, he joined Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, as a product development manager in the R&D department of the pigments division. Since 1994, he has there been the head of product development for effect pigments. In 1997, he received his habilitation in the field of inorganic chemistry at the Technical University of Darmstadt, where he now also lectures. His interests include synthesis, structural investigation and application behavior of effect pigments and materials with advanced optical and electrical properties.
- 1 Introduction 11.1 General Aspects 11.1.1 History, Classification, Standards 11.1.1.1 Definition 11.1.1.2 History 71.1.1.3 Classification 81.1.2 Economic Aspects and Uses 81.1.2.1 Economic Aspects 81.1.2.2 Uses 91.1.3 New Developments 101.2 General Chemical and Physical Properties 111.2.1 Fundamental Aspects 111.2.1.1 Chemical Composition 111.2.1.2 Analysis 121.2.1.3 Crystallography and Spectra 141.2.1.4 Particle Size 141.2.2 Methods of Determination 171.2.2.1 General Methods 171.2.2.2 Matter Volatile and Loss on Ignition 181.2.2.3 Aqueous Extracts 181.2.2.4 Particle Size Distribution 191.2.2.5 Pigment Density 211.2.2.6 Hardness and Abrasiveness 211.3 Color Properties 221.3.1 Fundamental Aspects 221.3.1.1 Colorimetry 221.3.1.2 Kubelka–Munk Theory 271.3.1.3 Multiple Scattering 271.3.1.4 Mie’s Theory 281.3.2 Color Measurement 311.3.2.1 General 311.3.2.2 Methods of Determination 321.3.3 Tinting Strength, Lightening Power, and Scattering Power 341.3.3.1 Tinting Strength 351.3.3.2 Lightening Power 351.3.3.3 Relative Scattering Power 361.3.4 Hiding Power and Transparency 361.3.4.1 Hiding Power 371.3.4.2 Transparency 381.4 Stability Towards Light, Weather, Heat, and Chemicals 381.4.1 Fundamental Aspects 381.4.2 Test Methods 401.4.2.1 Light Stability 401.4.2.2 Weather Resistance 411.4.2.3 Heat Stability 421.4.2.4 Fastness to Chemicals 421.5 Behavior of Pigments in Binders 431.5.1 Fundamental Aspects 431.5.2 Test Methods 441.5.2.1 Pigment–Binder Interaction 441.5.2.2 Dispersing Behavior in Paint Systems 451.5.2.3 Miscellaneous Pigment–Binder Systems 47References 482 White Pigments 512.1 Titanium Dioxide 512.1.1 Properties 512.1.1.1 Physical Properties 512.1.1.2 Chemical Properties 532.1.1.3 Surface Properties of TiO2 Pigments 53 2.1.2 Raw Materials 532.1.2.1 Natural Raw Materials 532.1.2.2 Synthetic Raw Materials 572.1.3 Production 592.1.3.1 Sulfate Method 592.1.3.2 The Chloride Process 642.1.3.3 Pigment Quality 662.1.3.4 Aftertreatment 672.1.3.5 Waste Management 692.1.4 Economic Aspects 732.1.5 Pigment Properties 742.1.5.1 Scattering Power 762.1.5.2 Mass-Tone (or Color) 762.1.5.3 Dispersion 762.1.5.4 Lightfastness and Weather Resistance 762.1.6 Analysis 772.1.7 Uses of Pigmentary TiO2 782.1.7.1 Paints and Coatings 782.1.7.2 Printing Inks 792.1.7.3 Plastics 792.1.7.4 Fibers 792.1.7.5 Paper 792.1.7.6 Other Areas of Application 792.1.8 Uses of Nonpigmentary TiO2 802.1.8.1 Electroceramics 802.1.8.2 Catalysts 802.1.8.3 Mixed Metal Oxide Pigments 812.1.8.4 UV Absorption 812.1.9 Toxicology 812.2 Zinc Sulfide Pigments 812.2.1 Properties 822.2.2 Production 832.2.2.1 Raw Materials 832.2.2.2 Lithopone 832.2.2.3 Sachtolith 852.2.2.4 Hydrothermal Process 852.2.2.5 Environmental Protection 862.2.3 Commercial Products 862.2.4 Uses 872.2.4.1 Lithopone 872.2.4.2 Sachtolith 872.2.5 Economic Aspects 882.2.6 Toxicology 882.3 Zinc Oxide (Zinc White) 882.3.1 Introduction 882.3.2 Properties 892.3.2.1 Physical Properties 892.3.2.2 Chemical Properties 902.3.3 Production 902.3.3.1 Raw Materials 902.3.3.2 Direct or American Process 902.3.3.3 Indirect or French Process 912.3.3.4 Wet Process 922.3.3.5 Aftertreatment 922.3.4 Quality Specifications 922.3.5 Uses 932.3.6 Economic Aspects 942.3.7 Toxicology and Occupational Health 942.3.8 Ecological Aspects 94References 953 Colored Pigments 993.1 Oxides and Hydroxides 993.1.1 Iron Oxide Pigments 993.1.1.1 Natural Iron Oxide Pigments 1003.1.1.2 Synthetic Iron Oxide Pigments 1013.1.1.3 Toxicology and Environmental Aspects 1083.1.1.4 Quality 1083.1.1.5 Uses 1103.1.1.6 Economic Aspects 1103.1.2 Chromium Oxide Pigments 1113.1.2.1 Properties 1113.1.2.2 Production 1123.1.2.3 Quality Specifications and Analysis 1143.1.2.4 Storage and Transportation 1143.1.2.5 Uses 1153.1.2.6 Economic Aspects 1153.1.2.7 Toxicology and Occupational Health 1163.1.3 Mixed Metal Oxide Pigments 1163.1.3.1 Manufacturing 1173.1.3.2 Quality Aspects 1183.1.3.3 Properties 1193.1.3.4 Economic Aspects 1203.2 Cadmium Pigments 1213.2.1 Properties 1223.2.2 Manufacture 1223.3 Bismuth Pigments 1233.3.1 Historical and Economic Aspects 1233.3.2 Properties 1243.3.3 Production 1253.3.4 Uses 1263.3.5 Toxicology 1283.4 Chromate Pigments 1283.4.1 Chrome Yellow 1283.4.1.1 Production 1293.4.1.2 Uses 1303.4.2 Molybdate Red and Molybdate Orange 1303.4.2.1 Production 1313.4.2.2 Uses 1323.4.3 Chrome Orange 1323.4.4 Chrome Green and Fast Chrome Green 1323.4.4.1 Production 1323.4.4.2 Uses 1333.4.5 Toxicology and Occupational Health 1333.4.5.1 Occupational Health 1333.4.5.2 Environmental Aspects 1343.4.5.3 Classification and Labeling 1343.5 Ultramarine Pigments 1363.5.1 Chemical Structure 1363.5.2 Properties 1393.5.3 Production 1403.5.3.1 Clay Activation 1403.5.3.2 Blending and Heating Raw Materials 1403.5.3.3 Oxidation 1413.5.3.4 Purification and Refinement 1413.5.4 Uses 1423.5.4.1 Plastics 1423.5.4.2 Paints 1433.5.4.3 Printing Inks 1433.5.4.4 Paper and Paper Coatings 1433.5.4.5 Detergents 1433.5.4.6 Cosmetics and Soaps 1433.5.4.7 Artists’ Colors 1433.5.4.8 Toys and other Articles/Materials for Children’s Use 1443.5.5 Toxicology and Environmental Aspects 1443.5.6 Economic Aspects 1443.6 Iron Blue Pigments 1453.6.1 Structure 1453.6.2 Production 1463.6.3 Properties 1473.6.4 Uses 1473.6.4.1 Printing Ink Industry 1483.6.4.2 Agriculture 1533.6.4.3 Paints and Coatings 1543.6.4.4 Paper 1543.6.4.5 Pigment Industry 1543.6.4.6 Medical Applications 1553.6.5 Toxicology and Environmental Aspects 155References 1574 Black Pigments 1634.1 Physical Properties 1644.1.1 Morphology 1644.1.2 Specific Surface Area 1664.1.3 Adsorption Properties 1664.1.4 Density 1664.1.5 Electrical Conductivity 1664.1.6 Light Absorption 1674.2 Chemical Properties 1674.3 Raw Materials 1684.4 Production Processes 1694.4.1 Furnace Black Process 1704.4.2 Gas Black and Channel Black Processes 1734.4.3 Lamp Black Process 1754.4.4 Thermal Black Process 1754.4.5 Acetylene Black Process 1764.4.6 Other Production Processes 1764.4.7 Oxidative Aftertreatment of Carbon Black 1774.5 Testing and Analysis 1784.5.1 Density 1794.5.2 Electrical Conductivity 1804.6 Transportation and Storage 1804.7 Uses 1814.7.1 Rubber Blacks 1814.7.1.1 Active Blacks 1814.7.1.2 Semi-Active Blacks 1824.7.1.3 Inactive Blacks 1824.7.2 Pigment Blacks 1834.7.2.1 Pigment Properties 1834.7.2.2 Pigment Blacks for Printing Inks 1844.7.2.3 Pigment Blacks for Paints 1874.7.2.4 Pigment Blacks for Plastics 1884.8 Toxicology and Health Aspects 1904.8.1 Carbon Black, Soot, and Black Carbon 1904.8.2 Safety: Fire and Explosion 1914.8.3 Storage and Handling 1914.8.4 Confined Space Entry 1924.8.5 First Aid 1924.8.6 Health 1924.8.7 Environmental Disposal 192References 1945 Specialty Pigments 1955.1 Magnetic Pigments 1955.1.1 Iron Oxide Pigments 1955.1.1.1 Production 1955.1.1.2 Properties 1965.1.2 Cobalt-Containing Iron Oxide Pigments 1975.1.2.1 Production 1975.1.2.2 Properties 1985.1.3 Chromium Dioxide 1995.1.3.1 Physical Properties 1995.1.3.2 Production and Chemical Properties 1995.1.3.3 Uses and Economic Aspects 1995.1.4 Metallic Iron Pigments 2005.1.4.1 Production 2005.1.4.2 Properties 2005.1.4.3 Economic Aspects 2005.1.5 Barium Ferrite Pigments 2015.1.5.1 Properties 2015.1.5.2 Production 2035.1.5.3 Magnetic Recording Properties 2035.1.6 Toner Pigments 2045.1.6.1 Production 2055.1.6.2 Iron Oxide Properties 2065.2 Anticorrosive Pigments 2075.2.1 Introduction 2075.2.2 Corrosion Mechanism 2075.2.3 Classification of Anticorrosive Pigments 2095.2.4 Traditional Lead and Chromate Pigments 2115.2.4.1 Lead Pigments 2115.2.4.2 Chromate Pigments 2125.2.5 Phosphate Pigments 2145.2.5.1 Zinc Phosphate 2145.2.5.2 Modified Orthophosphates 2155.2.5.3 Modified Polyphosphates 2175.2.5.4 Other Phosphates 2195.2.6 Other Phosphorus-Containing Pigments 2195.2.6.1 Zinc Hydroxyphosphite 2195.2.6.2 Iron Phosphide 2195.2.7 Borate Pigments 2195.2.7.1 Calcium Borate Silicates 2205.2.7.2 Barium Metaborates 2205.2.8 Molybdate Pigments 2205.2.9 Ion-Exchange Pigments 2215.2.10 Titanium Dioxide-Based Pigments 2225.2.11 Inorganic Organic Hybrid Pigments 2235.2.12 Zinc Cyanamide Pigments 2245.2.13 Micaceous Iron Oxide Pigments 2245.2.14 Zinc Pigments 2265.2.15 Corrosion Control of Metals by Protective Coatings 2275.2.16 Toxicology and Occupational Health 2275.2.16.1 Occupational Health 2285.2.16.2 Environmental Aspects 2285.2.16.3 Classification and Labeling 2295.3 Effect Pigments 2305.3.1 Special Effect Pigments 2305.3.1.1 Introduction 2305.3.1.2 Optical Principles of Pearl Luster and Interference Pigments 2325.3.1.3 Substrate-Free Pearl Luster Pigments 2355.3.1.4 Pigments Formed by Coating of Substrates 2375.3.2 Metal Effect Pigments 2525.3.2.1 Definition 2525.3.2.2 History and Technology 2525.3.2.3 Characterization 2535.3.2.4 Optical Principles 2555.3.2.5 Measurements 2585.3.2.6 Applications 2585.4 Transparent Pigments 2615.4.1 Transparent Iron Oxide Pigments 2625.4.1.1 Manufacture 2635.4.1.2 Properties and Application 2645.4.2 Transparent Cobalt Blue 2665.4.3 Transparent Functional Pigments 2675.4.3.1 Transparent Titanium Dioxide 2675.4.3.2 Transparent Zinc Oxide 2685.5 Luminescent pigments 2695.5.1 Introduction 2695.5.2 Historical Overview 2695.5.3 Luminescence Mechanisms 2715.5.3.1 Center Luminescence 2725.5.3.2 Charge Transfer Luminescence 2755.5.3.3 Donor–Acceptor Pair Luminescence 2765.5.3.4 Long-Afterglow Phosphors 2765.5.4 Excitation Mechanism 2775.5.4.1 Optical Excitation of Luminescence and Energy Transfer 2775.5.4.2 Electroluminescence 2785.5.4.3 Excitation with High Energy Particles 2795.5.5 Application of Luminescent Materials 2805.5.5.1 Application Areas and Phosphors Used 2805.5.5.2 Energy Efficiency Considerations of Important LuminescentDevices 2845.5.6 Preparation of Luminescent Materials 2845.5.7 Outlook 2865.5.7.1 Cascade Phosphors 2865.5.7.2 Quantum Dots 288References 289Index 297
'Inorganic Pigments - you can't live without them! They significantly change our surroundings; they are irreplaceable for the coloring of construction materials. Their applications range from concrete to artist's colors, from industrial paints to toners in photocopiers, from coloring in foodstuffs to raw materials for catalysts. ... it provides the reader with the information necessary for the choice of the ideal pigment for an application. ...it will be a helpful tool for everyone involved in the application of inorganic pigments.'(Die Farbe) '...More than 30 experts present the field of inorganic pigments in its whole breadth, but very concisely compared to the handbooks by Lewis, Patton or Kittel. It can be warmly recommended as a reference work and source of information for research, industry and the economy.'(Nachrichten in Chemie, Technik und Laboratorium) '... the book under review is a class by itself...gives very useful information to the paint chemist regarding the basics and application aspects of the various pigments used in the chemical industry.'(Bulletin of Electrochemistry) '... and represents the most up-to-date treatise on the entire field of industrially used inorganic pigments. I can recommend this book not only to non-specialists seeking an introduction into this subject area but also to specialists, who would like to read about recent developments.'(Chemie Ingenieur Technik) "Over 30 first-class authors form leading chemical companies have created a uniform and clearly structured text, giving an excellent overview of the subject ares."Literaturdatenbank der BG Chemie und des Hauptverbandes der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften