This is a groundbreaking book about music nationalism and the utopia of the Inca imaginary in Latin America. Based on a comprehensive field and archival research in countries such as Peru, Ecuador and Argentina, the author explores the processes of construction of national identities through the creation of a nationalist art music during the first three decades of the twentieth century. This brilliantly written and highly organized book will capture the attention not only of musicologists, but also of anyone interested in the processes of nation building in Latin America and elsewhere.