Hyperconverged Infrastructure Data Centers

Demystifying HCI

Häftad, Engelska, 2019

529 kr

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This book approaches the HCI topic from the point of view that any individual working this field needs to have enough knowledge in all the different areas such as storage, storage networking, compute, virtualization, switching and routing and automation. The book will explain each area in the context of a legacy data center design, detailing the problem statement for the particular technology and how HCI solves the problem and to what extent. Equipped with such knowledge the IT professional whether at a technical or management level will be well prepared to evaluate the need to move into the HCI and to find the best approach and timeline to move from a legacy data center design to an HCI design.

The HCI for Data center book will be the bible for IT professionals, technical and management, in all technology areas, and will guide them through the decision process to move in the HCI direction.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2019-02-18
Mått188 x 231 x 2 mm
Vikt860 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
SerieNetworking Technology
Antal sidor544
Upplaga1
FörlagPearson Education
ISBN9781587145100

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Nätverk och kommunikation inom Data och it

Sam Halabi is a well-known industry figure with many years of experience in the field of information technology, multicloud, hyperconvergence, enterprise software, and data networking. Sam is a trusted advisor, capable of establishing close relationships with customers at the executive level, linking complex technologies with business benefits. Sam has worked at major companies in the U.S. and international markets, where he led sales, presales, consulting, marketing, and business development efforts targeting enterprises building scalable data centers. Sam is the founder of VirtuService (www.virtuservice.com), a provider of customer service and IT consulting in the areas of private, hybrid, public cloud, and multicloud. Sam has authored many Cisco Press books, including the bestseller Internet Routing Architectures and Metro Ethernet. Follow Sam Halabi on Twitter @VirtuService.

Introduction xxiv PART I: BASICS OF DATA CENTER NETWORKING AND STORAGE 1Chapter 1 Data Networks: Existing Designs 3 Information Technology Equipment of a Data Center 4 Network Equipment 4 Networking Services 4 Multitier Data Networking Architecture 6 Logical Server Grouping 8 Challenges of Existing Designs 9 Oversubscription Between the Tiers 9 Large Flat L2 Networks with Stretched VLANs 10 Traffic Hopping Between Tiers, Inducing Latency 11 Complexity of Mechanisms Used for IPv4 Address Scarcity 12 Flooding of Broadcast, Unknown Unicast, and Multicast (BUM) Traffic 15 Loop Prevention Via Spanning Tree 16 Firewall Overload 17 Chapter 2 Storage Networks: Existing Designs 19 The Storage View of Multitier Designs 20 Types of Disk Drives 21 Hard Disk Drives 22 Solid-State Drives 23 Disk Performance 23 Throughput or Transfer Speed 24 Access Time 24 Latency and IOPS 24 RAID 26 RAID 0 26 RAID 1 26 RAID 1+0 26 RAID 0+1 27 RAID 5 28 RAID 6 29 Storage Controllers 30 Logical Unit Numbers 31 Logical Volume Manager 33 Block-, File-, and Object-Level Storage 35 Block-Level Storage 35 File-Level Storage 35 Object-Based Storage 36 Storage-to-Server Connectivity 37 Direct-Attached Storage (DAS) 38 Network-Attached Storage 39 Storage Area Networks 40 iSCSI SANs 46 Fibre Channel over Ethernet SANs 49 Storage Efficiency Technologies 50 Thin Provisioning 50 Snapshots 51 Cloning 55 Replication 55 Deduplication 55 Data Compression 58 Disk Encryption 59 Storage Tiering 59 Caching Storage Arrays 60 PART II: EVOLUTION IN HOST HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE 63Chapter 3 Host Hardware Evolution 65 Advancements in Compute 65 x86 Standard Architecture 66 Single-, Multi-, and Many-Cores CPUs 66 Physical Cores Versus Virtual Cores Versus Logical Cores 67 Virtual CPU 68 Evolution in Host Bus Interconnect 70 Non-Volatile Memory Express 71 Emergence of Flash-Based Products 72 Enhancement in Flash Technology 73 New Breed of Storage Arrays Falls Short 73 Chapter 4 Server Virtualization 77 The Virtualization Layer 78 Type 1 Hypervisor 79 Type 2 Hypervisor 80 Docker Containers 80 Datastores 82 Virtual Machine Creation 84 Virtualization Services 86 Clusters of Servers or Nodes 86 VM Migration 87 High Availability 88 Fault Tolerance 89 Compute Load Balancing 89 Storage Migration 90 Storage Load Balancing 90 Provisioning and Management 90 Virtual Switching 90 Chapter 5 Software-Defined Storage 95 SDS Objectives 96 Preserving the Legacy and Offering New Features 97 vSphere APIs for Storage Awareness (VASA) and VVols 99 Creating More Granular Volumes with VVols 100 Learning Storage Array Capabilities Through VASA 102 Integration with Storage Policy-Based Management 103 PART III: HYPERCONVERGED INFRASTRUCTURE 105Chapter 6 Converged Infrastructure 107 Cisco UCS–The First Step in Convergence 108 The Converged Systems 112 Pros of Converged Systems 114 Converged Systems Cons 114 Chapter 7 HCI Functionality 117 Distributed DAS Architecture 118 Distributed Controllers 119 Scale-Out Architecture 120 HCI Performance 120 Resiliency Against Hardware Failures via Replication 121 File Systems 122 Change in the Provisioning Model 124 Hardware Acceleration 125 Networking Integration 125 Advanced Data Storage Functionality 127 Deduplication and Compression 128 Erasure Coding 128 Replication and Backup for Disaster Recovery 129 HCI Security 130 HCI Provisioning, Management, and Monitoring 131 Chapter 8 HCI Business Benefits and Use Cases 135 HCI Business Benefits 136 Fast Deployment 136 Easier-to-Scale Infrastructure 136 Enhanced IT Operational Model 137 Easier System Management 138 Public Cloud Agility in a Private Cloud 138 Higher Availability at Lower Costs 139 Low-Entry Cost Structure 139 Reduced Total Cost of Ownership 140 HCI Use Cases 140 Server Virtualization 140 DevOps 141 Virtual Desktop Infrastructure 141 Remote Office Business Office (ROBO) 144 Edge Computing 146 Tier-1 Enterprise Class Applications 146 Data Protection and Disaster Recovery 148 PART IV: CISCO HYPERFLEX 151Chapter 9 Cisco HyperFlex 153 HyperFlex Physical Components 154 Cisco HyperFlex Hybrid Nodes 156 Cisco HyperFlex All-Flash Nodes 156 Cisco HyperFlex Edge Nodes 157 Cisco HyperFlex Compute-Only Nodes 157 Cisco UCS 6200 and 6300 Fabric Interconnect 158 Cisco C220/C240 M4/M5 Rack Servers 158 Cisco VIC MLOM Interface Card 159 Cisco UCS 5108 Blade Chassis 159 HyperFlex Performance Benchmarks 160 Integration with UCS 162 Logical Network Design 162 Service Templates and Profiles 164 vNIC Templates 166 HyperFlex Integration with External Storage 167 Cisco’s HX Data Platform 168 HX Data Platform Controller 169 HyperFlex in VMware ESXi Environment 170 HyperFlex in Hyper-V Environment 171 Docker Containers Support and Volume Driver 172 HyperFlex Data Distribution 174 Details of Read and Write Operations 181 Advanced Data Services 187 Deduplication and Compression 187 Snapshots 188 Cloning 189 Asynchronous Native Replication for DR with Remote Clusters 189 Synchronous Native Replication for DR with Stretched Clusters 190 Integration with Third-Party Backup Tools 191 HyperFlex Security 192 Chapter 10 Deploying, Provisioning, and Managing HyperFlex 197 Installation Phase 197 HyperFlex Workload Profiler 199 HyperFlex Sizer 199 Management Provisioning and Monitoring 199 Cisco HyperFlex Connect HTML5 Management 200 VMware vSphere Management Plug-In 203 Cisco Intersight 204 Chapter 11 HyperFlex Workload Optimization and Efficiency 211 Enterprise Workload Issues 211 HyperFlex with Cisco Tetration 212 Data Collection 214 Tetration Analytics Cluster 214 Open Access 215 Using the Data 215 Cisco Workload Optimizer 216 Cisco AppDynamics 217 PART V: ALTERNATIVE HCI IMPLEMENTATIONS 221Chapter 12 VMware vSAN 223 vSAN Physical Components 224 vSAN Hyperconvergence Software 225 The Object File System 226 vSAN Datastore 228 vSAN Storage Policies 228 Caching 232 I/O Operation Details 232 vSAN Advanced Functionality 233 Data Integrity 234 Data Encryption 234 Deduplication and Compression 235 Erasure Coding 236 Snapshots 236 Cloning 236 vSAN Replication for Disaster Recovery via Stretched Clusters 238 vSAN Backup for Disaster Recovery 241 Integration with Legacy SAN and NAS 243 vSAN iSCSI Target 243 vSAN and VVols 243 SMB and NFS Support 244 Persistent Storage for Containers 244 vSAN Management 244 Graphical Interfaces 244 Ease of Installation 245 Cloud-Connected Health Checks 245 Performance Diagnostics 245 VMware Update Manager 245 vSAN vRealize Operations and Log Insight 245 Thoughts on vSAN Versus HyperFlex 246 Hardware Comparison 247 Scaling Up 247 vSAN In-Kernel Versus Controller-Based Solutions 248 Distributed Versus Not-So-Distributed File System 249 One-to-One Versus Many-to-Many Rebuild 250 Implementations of Compute-Only Nodes 250 Advanced Data Services 251 Management Software 252 Networking 252 Chapter 13 Nutanix Enterprise Cloud Platform 255 Nutanix Enterprise Cloud Platform 256 ECP Hyperconvergence Software 257 Distributed Storage Fabric 257 Nutanix Cluster Components 258 Physical Drive Breakdown 260 I/O Path 261 Write I/O 261 Read I/O 262 Data Protection 262 Metadata 263 Availability Domains 263 Data Path Resiliency 264 Nutanix Advanced Functionality 264 Deduplication 264 Data Compression 265 Erasure Coding 266 Disk Balancing 266 Storage Tiering 267 Snapshots and Clones 268 Shadow Clones 269 Era Database Services 269 Backup and Restore, Replication, and Disaster Recovery 270 Metro Availability: Stretch Clustering 271 Data At Rest Encryption 272 Nutanix Acropolis Block Services 272 Nutanix Acropolis File Services 273 Support for Hyper-V 274 Docker Containers 275 Provisioning, Managing, and Monitoring 275 Infrastructure Management 276 Operational Insight 277 Nutanix Tools 278 Calm Orchestration Tool 278 The Nutanix Competitive Landscape 279 Hardware Comparison 280 Distributed Architecture 281 Log-Structured Versus Write-in-Place File System 282 Data Tiering 282 Deduplication 283 Data Locality 285 Chapter 14 Open Source–Compute and Storage 289 OpenStack 290 Nova 294 Cinder Block Storage 296 Swift 297 Proxy Server 298 Ceph 300 PART VI: HYPERCONVERGED NETWORKING 305Chapter 15 Software-Defined Networking and Open Source 307 The SDN Background 308 The Overlay and Microsegmentation Edge 309 Host-Based Networking 310 Switch-Based Networking 312 The Switching Fabric 313 The Underlay Network 315 The Overlay Network 315 Microsegmentation in the Data Center 319 Networking Open Source Initiatives 320 Neutron 320 OVS Architecture 322 OVN–The Open Source SDN 324 Open vSwitch 325 OVN 326 State of Vendors with Open Source 331 Chapter 16 VMware NSX 335 Setting and Enforcing Policies in NSX 336 Security Groups 336 Security Policy 337 Policy Enforcement 338 The NSX Manager and Controller Cluster 339 NSX Manager 339 The NSX Controller Cluster 340 Enhancements for vDS 341 Flooding Avoidance 342 NSX L2 Switching and L3 Routing 343 NSX L2 Switching 343 NSX IP Routing 343 Handling of Multidestination Traffic 346 Chapter 17 Application-Centric Infrastructure 351 Cisco Application-Centric Infrastructure 352 ACI Microsegmentation Constructs 353 The Endpoint Groups 353 Application Network Profile 355 Service Graphs 358 ACI Tetration Model 360 Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller 360 ACI Domains 362 Virtual Machine Manager Domain 362 Physical and External Domains 364 The ACI Fabric Switching and Routing Constructs 365 Tenant 366 VRF 366 Bridge Domain 366 EPG 366 Virtual and Physical Connectivity to the ACI Fabric 367 Virtual Connectivity to the Fabric 367 Physical Connectivity to the Fabric 368 The ACI Switching and Routing Terminology 369 The ACI Underlay Network 371 Handling External Routes 372 ACI Fabric Load Balancing 373 The ACI Overlay and VXLAN 373 The VXLAN Instance ID 376 L2 Switching in the Overlay 378 L3 Switching/Routing in the Overlay 380 Multicast in the Overlay Versus Multicast in the Underlay 383 ACI Multi-PoD 383 ACI Multi-Site 384 ACI Anywhere 386 High-Level Comparison Between ACI and NSX 386 Policy Setting 387 Policy Enforcement 388 Performance Requirement for VXLAN 388 Control Plane 389 Performance of Data Forwarding 390 Automation and Visibility in the Fabric 390 Networking Learning Curve 391 PART VII: PUBLIC, PRIVATE, HYBRID, AND MULTICLOUD 393Chapter 18 The Public Cloud 395 The Cloud Services 395 Infrastructure as a Service 396 Platform as a Service 397 Software as a Service 397 Amazon Web Services 398 AWS Global Infrastructure with Regions and Availability Zones 399 Networking 401 Storage 404 Launching Multitier Applications in AWS 409 Compute Instances 409 Amazon Machine Images 410 Security Groups 410 Identity and Access Management 411 Launching an EC2 Instance 412 Cloud Monitoring 416 Cloud Automation 416 Infrastructure as a Code 417 Software Development Kits 420 Chapter 19 The Private Cloud 423 What Is a Private Cloud? 423 Convergence and Hyperconvergence 425 Automation and Orchestration 425 Cisco UCS Director 427 UCS Director Policies 427 Virtual Data Center 429 Orchestration Concepts 430 Catalogs 431 Integration Between UCSD and HyperFlex 431 UCSD Interfaces 433 APIs and Infrastructure as a Code 434 Chapter 20 Hybrid Cloud and Multicloud 439 Why Hybrid Cloud? 440 Why Multicloud? 442 Cisco CloudCenter 446 Looking Ahead 450 Glossary 451Index 475