Phylis Cancilla Martinelli is professor emerita at St. Mary’s College (Moraga, California), where she taught Sociology and Collegiate Seminar for twenty-five years. She has published extensively on the topic of ethnic identity and is the author of Undermining Race: Ethnic Identities in Arizona Copper Camps, 1880–1920. Ana Varela-Lago is Senior Lecturer in the History Department at Northern Arizona University. Her research on the Spanish diaspora in the United States focuses on transnational spaces and the interplay of migration, imperialism, nationalism, and class and ethnic identity.