Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation

Basic Concepts and Fundamentals

Inbunden, Engelska, 2021

Av Eslamian, Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Iran) Eslamian, Saeid (Isfahan University of Technology, Canada) Eslamian, Faezeh (McGill University

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Water harvesting is gaining more and more recognition as a sustainable and resilient water supply options. It is economically viable, socially compatible and environmentally friendly. Water harvesting has proven to be a robust solution to overcome or reduce water shortages all over the world. It is important to understand how to apply this practice in a sustainable and effective way to make full use of its potential in a world increasingly threatened by water scarcity.The Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals is the most comprehensive, up-to-date and applied handbook on water harvesting and conservation yet published. The book’s 30 chapters -- written by 84 outstanding international experts from approximately 20 selected countries faced by drought -- explore, critique and develop concepts and systems for water harvesting. The editors bring together many perspectives into a synthesis that is both academically based and practical in its potential applications.The Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals is an important tool for education, research and technical works in the areas of soil, water and watershed management and is highly useful for drought strategy planning, flood management and developing techniques to adapt to climate change in urban, agricultural, forest and rangeland areas.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2021-01-13
Mått216 x 279 x 34 mm
Vikt1 531 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
SerieNew York Academy of Sciences
Antal sidor528
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781119478959

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Naturvetenskap:allmänt inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

List of Contributors xxiAbout the Editors xxviiPart A Concepts and Standards for a Secure Water Harvesting 11 Concept and Technology of Rainwater Harvesting 3Fayez Abdulla, Cealeen Abdulla, and Saeid Eslamian1.1 Introduction 31.2 Concept of Rainwater Harvesting 41.3 Technologies of Rainwater Harvesting 51.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Rainwater Harvesting 81.5 Feasibility of Rainwater Harvesting across Different Climatic Zones 101.6 Roof Rainwater Harvesting System Components 111.7 Calculation of Potential HarvestedWater 131.8 Water Quality and its Health and Environmental Impacts 141.9 System Operation and Maintenance 141.10 Conclusion 15References 152 Rainwater Harvesting: Recent Developments and Contemporary Measures 17Aline Pires Veról, Marcelo Gomes Miguez, Elaine Garrido Vazquez, Fernanda Rocha Thomaz, Bruna Peres Battemarco, and Assed Naked Haddad2.1 Introduction 172.2 Water Resource Management 182.3 Water Management at the Building Scale 252.4 Analysis of Payback of Rainwater Harvesting Systems 342.5 Conclusion 35Acknowledgment 35References 363 Standards for Rainwater Catchment Design 39Sisuru Sendanayake and Saeid Eslamian3.1 Introduction 393.2 Catchment Surface 403.3 Conveyance System 423.4 Storage Tank 443.5 Pre-treatment of Roof Collection 533.6 Distribution System and Related Regulations 543.7 Conclusion 54References 554 Water Security Using Rainwater Harvesting 57Adebayo Eludoyin, Oyenike Eludoyin, Tanimola Martins, Mayowa Oyinloye, and Saeid Eslamian4.1 Introduction 574.2 Concept of Rainwater Harvesting 574.3 Rainwater Collection Systems 584.4 Rainwater Storage 614.5 Importance of Rainwater Harvesting 614.6 Quality Assessment of Harvested Rainwater 644.7 Problems Associated with Rainwater Harvesting 644.8 Conclusion 65References 65Part B Water Harvesting Resources 695 Single-Family Home and Building Rainwater Harvesting Systems 71Duygu Erten5.1 Introduction 715.2 Historical Development of RWH and Utilization 715.3 Pros and Cons of RWH Systems 725.4 Current Practices Around theWorld 785.5 Health Risks of Roof-Collected Rainwater 785.6 Guides, Policy, and Incentives 795.7 Green Building Certification Systems and RWH 825.8 Conclusion 84References 856 Water Harvesting in Farmlands 87Elena Bresci and Giulio Castelli6.1 Introduction 876.2 Water Harvesting: Definitions 876.3 Floodwater Harvesting in Farmlands 886.4 Macro-CatchmentWater Harvesting in Farmlands 916.5 Micro-CatchmentWater Harvesting in Farmlands 946.6 RooftopWater Harvesting in Farmlands 956.7 Water Harvesting and Fertilization 966.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 96References 977 Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock 101Billy Kniffen7.1 Introduction 1017.2 Rainfall Harvesting on the Land 1017.3 AnimalWater Requirements 1027.4 Harvested Rainfall as a Source for Livestock 1037.5 Requirements for Harvesting Rainwater for Livestock 1047.6 Distribution ofWater for Livestock 1077.7 Rainwater System Maintenance 1077.8 Conclusion 107References 1088 Road Water Harvesting 109Negin Sadeghi and Saeid Eslamian8.1 Introduction 1098.2 Water Harvesting Systems and Their Characteristics 1108.3 RoadWater Harvesting 1138.4 Conclusion 123References 124Part C Hydroinformatic and Water Harvesting 1279 Application of RS and GIS for Locating Rainwater Harvesting Structure Systems 129Dhruvesh Patel, Dipak R. Samal, Cristina Prieto, and Saeid Eslamian9.1 Introduction 1299.2 Experimental Site 1319.3 Methodology 1319.4 Results and Discussions 1379.5 Conclusion 141References 14210 Information Technology in Water Harvesting 145S. Sreenath Kashyap, M.V.V. Prasad Kantipudi, Saeid Eslamian, Maryam Ghashghaie, Nicolas R. Dalezios, Ioannis Faraslis, and Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari10.1 Introduction 14510.2 Water Harvesting Methods 14510.3 The Internet of Things (IoT) 14710.4 Assessing the Available Subsurface Resources Using the IoT 14810.5 The IoT Devices for Efficient Agricultural/Irrigation Usage 15010.6 Conclusions 151References 15111 Global Satellite-Based Precipitation Products 153Zhong Liu, Dana Ostrenga, Andrey Savtchenko, William Teng, Bruce Vollmer, Jennifer Wei, and David Meyer11.1 Introduction 15311.2 Precipitation Measurements from Space 15411.3 Overview of NASA Satellite-Based Global Precipitation Products and Ancillary Products at GES DISC 15511.4 Data Services 15911.5 Examples 16311.6 Conclusion 171Acknowledgments 172References 17212 Risk Analysis of Water Harvesting Systems 177Maria Do Céu Almeida, Nelson Carriço, João Santos and Saeid Eslamian12.1 Introduction 17712.2 Concepts and Terminology 17712.3 General Approaches to Risk Management Applicable to RWHS 17712.4 Supporting Risk Management for RWHS 18112.5 Hazards and Exposure Modes 18212.6 Rainwater Collection Reliability asWater Source 18312.7 Specific Risk Treatment Actions 18512.8 Process Control and Monitoring 18612.9 Conclusion 187References 187Part D Hydrological Aspects of Water Harvesting 19113 Return Period Determination for Rainwater Harvesting System Design 193Sandeep Samantaray, Dillip K. Ghose, and Saeid Eslamian13.1 Introduction 19313.2 Study Area 19413.3 Overview of Rainwater Harvesting 19713.4 Methodology 19813.5 Results and Discussions 20113.6 Conclusions 203References 20314 Rainwater Harvesting Impact on Urban Groundwater 207A. Jebamalar, R. Sudharsanan, G. Ravikumar, and Saeid Eslamian14.1 Introduction 20714.2 State of the Art 20814.3 Study Area and Data Collection 20914.4 Methodology 21314.5 Temporal Analysis of Groundwater Level 21414.6 Spatial Analysis of Groundwater Table 21514.7 Impact of RWH on Groundwater Recharge 21514.8 Model Simulations for Impact of RWH Systems 21714.9 Model Predictions for the Future 21814.10 Conclusion 222Acknowledgement 223References 22315 Effects of Water Harvesting Techniques on Sedimentation 225Siavash Fasihi, and Saeid Eslamian15.1 Introduction 22515.2 Qualitative Effects and Data Collection 22615.3 Sedimentation in Small Check Dams 22815.4 Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) 22915.5 Limburg Soil Erosion Model (LISEM) 23515.6 Conclusion 238References 238Part E Hydrometeorological Water Harvesting 24316 Principles and Applications of Atmospheric Water Harvesting 245Mousa Maleki, Saeid Eslamian, and Boutaghane Hamouda16.1 Introduction 24516.2 AtmosphericWater Harvesting Necessity 24516.3 Methods of AtmosphericWater Harvesting 24616.4 Energy Requirements of AMH andWater Production Costs 24716.5 Atmospheric Vapor Harvesting Systems 24816.6 Conclusion 256References 25717 Dew Harvesting on High Emissive Natural and Artificial Passive Surfaces 261Jose Francisco Maestre-Valero, Bernardo Martin-Gorriz, Victoriano Martínez-Alvarez, and Saeid Eslamian17.1 Introduction 26117.2 Passive Surfaces for the Case Studies 26217.3 Data Collection 26417.4 Case Studies for Dew Collection 26517.5 Dew Modeling 26717.6 Conclusion 270Acknowledgments 271References 27118 Atmospheric Water Harvesting Using Waste Energy from Landfills and Oilfields 273Enakshi Wikramanayake, Onur Ozkan, Aritra Kar, and Vaibhav Bahadur18.1 Introduction 27318.2 Refrigeration-Based AtmosphericWater Harvesting Systems 27518.3 ModelingWaste Natural Gas-Based AtmosphericWater Harvesting 27618.4 Landfill Gas-Based AtmosphericWater Harvesting 27718.5 Oilfield Gas-Based AtmosphericWater Harvesting 28318.6 Sensitivity of theWater Harvest to Various Parameters 28418.7 Comparison of AWH to Other Techniques for ProducingWater 28518.8 Perspectives on AtmosphericWater Harvesting 28518.9 Conclusions 286Acknowledgements 286References 286Part F Environmental Aspects of Water Harvesting 28919 Treatment Techniques in Water Harvesting 291Brandon Reyneke, Monique Waso, Thando Ndlovu, Tanya Clements, Sehaam Khan, and Wesaal Khan19.1 Introduction 29119.2 Pretreatment of Harvested Rainwater: Prevention of Debris Entry and Sedimentation 29219.3 Chemical Disinfection 29319.4 Physical Disinfection 29519.5 Biological Treatment 29819.6 Conclusion 300References 30120 Water Recycling from Palm Oil Mill Effluent 307Hossein Farraji, Irvan Dahlan, and Saeid Eslamian20.1 Introduction 30720.2 Problem Statement 30720.3 Palm Oil Production 30820.4 POME as an Agro-IndustryWastewater 30820.5 Characteristics of POME 30820.6 POME Treatment Methods 31220.7 Water Recycling by Membrane Technique 31320.8 Application of the SBR in POME Treatment 31420.9 Discussions 31620.10 Conclusion 316References 316Part G Green Water Harvesting 32121 Vegetation Advantages for Water and Soil Conservation 323Hadis Salehi Gahrizsangi, Saeid Eslamian, Nicolas R. Dalezios, Anna Blanta, and Mohadaseh Madadi21.1 Introduction 32321.2 Background 32321.3 Vegetation Advantage for Soil andWater Conservation in Artificial Plots 32921.4 Conclusions 334References 33522 Water Harvesting in Forests: An Important Step in Water-Food-Energy Nexus 337Rina Kumari and Saeid Eslamian22.1 Introduction 33722.2 GlobalWater Scarcity 33722.3 Change in Land Use-Land Cover and its Impact on Forest andWater Resources 33922.4 Forest Hydrology 33922.5 Rainwater Harvesting in Forests 34322.6 Deforestation and its Impact 34522.7 Forest Management andWatershed Development 34622.8 Knowledge Gaps 34722.9 Forests andWater in International Agreements 34822.10 Role of Geospatial Technologies 34822.11 Managing the Climate-Water-Forest Nexus for Sustainable Development 34922.12 Case Studies 35022.12.1 CombatingWater Scarcity in Latin America 35022.12.2 Amazon River 35022.12.3 Case Study of Southeast Asia 35022.13 Conclusions 350References 35123 Rainwater and Green Roofs 355Sara Nazif, Seyed Ghasem Razavi, Pouria Soleimani, and Saeid Eslamian23.1 Introduction 35523.2 Green Roof Components 35523.3 Green Roof Types 35823.4 Green Roof Irrigation 35923.5 Green Roof Standards 35923.6 Green Roofs for Rainwater Collection and Storage 36023.7 Green Roof Effect on Runoff Quality 36323.8 Other Functions of Green Roofs 36423.9 Cost and Benefit Analysis of Green Roofs 36723.10 Conclusion 369References 36924 Green Landscaping and Plant Production with Water Harvesting Solutions 373Saeid Eslamian, Saeideh Parvizi, and Sayed Salman Ghaziaskar24.1 Introduction 37324.2 Water Harvesting 37424.3 Rainwater Harvesting 37424.4 The Goals and Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting 37624.5 Impact of RWHR on Infiltration and Surface Runoff Processes 37624.6 Climate Change and RWH 37624.7 Landscape Functions and RWH 37724.8 Hydrological Functions and RWH 37724.9 Soil Fertility and Biomass Production 37824.10 Discussions 38024.11 Conclusions 381References 381Part H Reliable Rainwater Harvesting and Storage Systems 38525 Comparing Rainwater Storage Options 387Sara Nazif, Hamed Tavakolifar, Hossein Abbasizadeh, and Saeid Eslamian25.1 Introduction 38725.2 History of Rainwater Harvesting 38725.3 Benefits of Rainwater Storage 38825.4 Main Rainwater Storage Options 38925.5 Comparing Rainwater Storage Options 39525.6 Conclusion 398References 39826 Rainwater Harvesting Storage-Yield-Reliability Relationships 401John Ndiritu26.1 Introduction 40126.2 The Rainwater Harvesting Storage-Yield-Reliability Problem 40126.3 Modeling Storage-Yield-Reliability Relationships 40226.4 Key Considerations 41126.5 Conclusions 412References 41327 Towards Developing Generalized Equations for Calculating Potential Rainwater Savings 417Monzur A. Imteaz, Muhammad Moniruzzaman and, Abdullah Yilmaz27.1 Introduction 41727.2 State of the Art 41827.3 Methodology 41927.4 Study Area and Data 42027.5 Results 42127.6 Conclusions 423Acknowledgement 424References 424Part I Sustainable Water Harvesting and Conservation in a Changing Climate 42728 Water Harvesting, Climate Change, and Variability 429Jew Das, Manish Kumar Goyal, and N.V. Umamahesh28.1 Introduction 42928.2 Water Harvesting 43128.3 Case Study 43728.4 Results and Discussion 43928.5 Conclusion 443References 44429 Water Harvesting and Sustainable Tourism 447Neda Torabi Farsani, Homa Moazzen Jamshidi, Mohammad Mortazavi, and Saeid Eslamian29.1 Introduction 44729.2 Water Management: An Approach to Sustainable Tourism 44729.3 Tourism andWater Harvesting Economy 45129.4 Conclusion 453References 45330 Rainwater Harvesting Policy Issues in the MENA Region: Lessons Learned, Challenges, andSustainable Recommendations 457Muna Yacoub Hindiyeh, Mohammed Matouq, and Saeid Eslamian30.1 Introduction 45730.2 Definitions of RWH 45730.3 Rainwater Harvesting Toward Millennium and Sustainable Development Goals 45830.4 Water Administration and Legislation 45930.5 Policy and Regulatory Approaches to RWH Use 45930.6 Considerations When Establishing a Municipal Rainwater Harvesting Program 46330.7 Regulatory Approaches in Other Countries 46430.8 Challenges and Limitations 46930.9 Future Recommendations for the MENA Region 47030.10 Conclusion 470References 471Index 475