Handbook of Social Research Ethics

Donna M. Mertens is Professor Emeritus, Department of Education, at Gallaudet University. She taught research methods and program evaluation to deaf and hearing students at the MA and PhD levels for over 30 years. She now teaches courses and professional development workshops around the world.She conducts research and evaluation studies on such topics as improvement of special education services in international settings, planning for the inclusion of students with disabilities in neighborhood schools, enhancing the educational experiences of students with disabilities, preventing sexual abuse in residential schools for deaf students, improving access to the court systems for deaf and hard-of-hearing people, and improving the preparation of teachers of the deaf through appropriate use of instructional technology. Her research focuses on improving methods of inquiry by integrating the perspectives of those who have experienced oppression in our society. She draws on the writings of feminists, racial and ethnic minorities, and people with disabilities, as well as Indigenous peoples who have addressed the issues of power and oppression and their implications for research methodology.Dr. Mertens has made numerous presentations at the meetings of the American Educational Research Association, American Evaluation Association, Australasian Evaluation Society, Association for College Educators of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, International Sociological Association, Mixed Methods International Research Association, American Psychological Association, African Evaluation Association, Canadian Evaluation Society, Visitors Studies Association, and other organizations that explore these themes. She served as president and board member of the American Evaluation Association from 1997 to 2002 and as a member of the Board of Trustees for the International Organization for Cooperation in Evaluation, 2002–2003. She served as editor for the Journal of Mixed Methods Research 2009-2014.Her publications include four edited volumes, Indigenous Pathways to Social Research (coedited with Fiona Cram and Bagele Chilisa, 2013), Handbook of Social Research Ethics (coedited with Pauline Ginsberg, 2009), Creative Ideas for Teaching Evaluation (1989), and Research and Inequality (coedited with Carole Truman and Beth Humphries, 2000), and several authored books, including Mixed Methods Design in Evaluation (2018), Program Evaluation: A Comprehensive Guide (2nd ed.) (with Amy Wilson, 2018), Transformative Research and Evaluation (2009), Research and Evaluation Methods in Special Education (coauthored with John McLaughlin, 2004), and Parents and Their Deaf Children (coauthored with Kay Meadow-Orlans and Marilyn Sass Lehrer, 2003). She also publishes many chapters and articles in edited volumes, encyclopedias, handbooks, and journals, such as Journal of Mixed Methods Research, Qualitative Social Work, Eye on Psi Chi, Educational Researcher, International Journal of Mixed Methods Research, New Directions for Program Evaluation, American Journal of Evaluation, American Annals of the Deaf, Studies in Educational Evaluation, and Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis.Pauline Ginsberg (PhD, Syracuse University, Social Psychology) is Professor of Psychology, Utica College, Utica, NY, and winner of the college’s Clark Award, given to the faculty members at the rank of professor who have an outstanding record of professional activity. Over the past 23 years, she has taught undergraduate courses in introductory psychology, statistics, program evaluation, social psychology, group dynamics, and adolescent development, as well as a variety of seminars. In anthropology, she has taught culture and personality. As an adjunct, she taught a course in quasi-experimental design and program evaluation at the graduate level at Syracuse University. In 1989-90 she taught at the graduate level at the University of Nairobi’s Department of Psychiatry and returned to the University of Nairobi in 2002 as a Fulbright lecturer to teach undergraduates in the Department of Psychology. In all of these courses, research ethics has been a substantive topic, particularly so in those that involved preparation of a research proposal and/or an actual research component. While the ethical practices of experimental psychology are connected to quantitative research methods, Ginsberg’s own research and that of some of her students has also employed mixed and qualitative methods. Moreover, independent research and research undertaken with collaborators abroad has introduced a practical education in cross-cultural research practices. Ginsberg also served on the Utica College IRB for eleven years, including 10 years as chairperson. As a volunteer, she has assisted community agency formation of research policy. Ginsberg is a founding member and past co-president of the American Evaluation Association’s International and Cross-Cultural Evaluation Topical Interest Group and past president of the Eastern Evaluation Research Society.

• SECTION ONE: HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY1. Social Science Research Ethics: Historical and Philosophical Issues - Karen S. Kitchener and Richard F. Kitchener2. Research Ethics in the Postmodern Context - Joshua W. Clegg and Brent Slife3. Feminist Perspectives on Research Ethics - Mary M. Brabeck and Kalina M. Brabeck4. Critical Race Theory: Ethics and Dimensions of Diversity in Research - Veronica G. Thomas5. Philosophy, Ethics, and the Disability Community - Martin Sullivan6. Transformative Research and Ethics - Donna M. Mertens, Raychelle Harris and Heidi HolmesSECTION TWO: PERSPECTIVES ON ETHICAL REGULATION7. Governmental Regulation in Social Science - Linda Mabry8. The Role of Institutional Review Boards: Ethics: Now You See Them, Now You Don′t - Richard Speiglman and Patricia Spear9. Researching Ourselves Back to Life: Taking Control of the Research Agenda in Indian Country - Joan LaFrance and Cheryl Crazy Bull10. Ethical Practices in Qualitative Research - Yvonna Lincoln11. Ethical Perspectives in Program Evaluation - Amanda Wolf, David Turner, and Kathleen TomsSECTION THREE: ETHICS AND RESEARCH METHODS12. On Ethics in Social Science Research - Richard Schwartz13. Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Ethics - Mel Mark and Chris Gamble14. The Ethics of Data Archiving: Issues From Four Perspectives - David Johnson and Merry Bullock15. Ethnography: Constitutive Practice and Research Ethics - Anne Ryen16. Covenantal Ethics and Action Research: Exploring a Common Foundation for Social Research - Mary Brydon Miller17. Research Ethics and Peacemaking - Colin IrwinSECTION FOUR: ETHICAL ISSUES IN RESEARCH PRACTICE18. Cultivating Self as Responsive Instrument: Working the Boundaries and Borderlands for Ethical Border Crossings - Hazel Symonette19. The Ethics of the Researcher-Subject Relationship: Experiences From the Field - Peggy Gabo Ntseane20. Maintaining Indigenous Voices - Fiona Cram21. Ethical Issues in Cross-Cultural Psychology - David Matsumoto and Carolyn Jones22. Partnership Ethics - Linda Silka23. Visual Representation of People and Information: Translating Lives Into Numbers, Words, and Images as Research Data - Julianne H. Newton24. Use and Misuse of Quantitative Methods: Data Collection, Calculation, and Presentation - Bruce Brown and Dawson HedgesSECTION FIVE: ETHICS WITHIN DIVERSE CULTURAL GROUPS25. Conducting Ethical Research and Evaluation in Underserved Communities - Katrina Bledsoe and Rodney Hopson26. Indigenous African-Centered Ethics: Contesting and Complementing Dominant Models - Bagele Chilisa27. Research Ethics and Sensitive Behaviors: Underground Economy - Divya Sharma28. Epistemological Domination: Social Science Research Ethics in Aotearoa - Helen Moewaka Barnes, Tim McCreanor, Shane Edwards, and Belinda Borell29. An Ethical Agenda in Disability Research: Rhetoric or Reality? - Colin Barnes30. LGBTQ: Protecting Vulnerable Subjects in All Studies - Sarah Dodd31. Involving Minors in Research: Ethics and Law Within Multicultural Settings - Luis Vargas and Margaret E. Montoya32. Ethical Research With Older Adults - Karen Szala-MeneokSECTION SIX: FUTURE DIRECTIONS33. Research Ethics in Transnational Spaces - Robert Stake and Fazal Rizvi34. Privacy and New Technologies: The Limits of Traditional Research Ethics - Nicholas C. Burbules35. Graduate Training in Responsible Conduct of Social Science Research: The Role of Mentors and Departmental Climate - Celia B. Fisher, Frederick J. Wertz, and Sabrina J. Goodman36. Social Research Attuned to Deliberative Democracy - Kenneth Howe and Heather MacGillivary37. Frontiers in Social Research Ethics: Fertile Ground for Evolution - Pauline E. Ginsberg and Donna M. MertensAn Ethical Agenda in Disability Research - Julianne NewtonConducting Ethical Research and Evaluation in Underserved Communities - Julianne NewtonCovenantal Ethics and Action Research - Julianne NewtonCritical Race Theory: Ethics and Dimensions of Diversity in Research - Julianne NewtonCultivating Self as Responsive Instrument: Working the Boundaries and Borderlands for Ethical Border-Crossings - Julianne NewtonEpistemological Domination - Julianne NewtonEthical Issues in Cross-Cultural Psychology - Julianne NewtonEthical Perspectives in Program Evaluation - Julianne NewtonEthical Practices in Qualitative Research - Julianne NewtonEthical Research with Older Adults - Julianne NewtonEthnography: Constitutive Practice and Research Ethics - Julianne NewtonExperiments, Quasi-experiments, and Ethics - Julianne NewtonFeminist Perspectives on Research Ethics - Julianne NewtonFrontiers in Social Research Ethics: Fertile Ground for Evolution - Julianne NewtonGovernmental Regulation in Social Science - Julianne NewtonGraduate Training in Responsible Conduct of Social Science Research - Julianne NewtonIndigenous African-Centered Ethics: Contestin and Complementing Dominant Models - Julianne NewtonInvolving Youth in Research within complex cultural settings - Julianne NewtonLGBTQ: Protecting vulnerable subjects in all studies - Sarah-Jane DoddMaintaining Indigenous Voices - Fiona CramPartnership Ethics - Linda SilkaPhilosophy, Ethics and the Disability Community - Martin SullivanPrivacy and New Technologies - Nicholas BurbulesResearch Ethics and Peace Making - Colin IrwinResearch Ethics and Sensitive Behaviors - Divya SharmaResearch Ethics in the Postmodern Context - Joshua Clegg, Brent SlifeResearch Ethics in Transnational Spaces - Robert Stake, Fazal RizviResearching Ourselves Back to Life: Taking Control of the Research Agenda in Indian Country - Joan LaFrance, Cheryl Crazy BullSocial Research Attuned to Deliverative Democracy - Kenneth Howe, Heather MacGillivarySocial Science Research Ethics: Historical and Philosophical Issues - Richard KitchenerThe Ethics of Data Archiving: Issues from Four Perspectives - Merry BullockThe Ethics of the Researcher-Subject Relationship: Experiences from the Field - P. Gabo NtseaneThe Role of Institutional Review Boards Ethics: Now You See Them, Now You Don′t - Richard Speiglman, Patricia SpearTransformative Research and Ethics - Donna Mertens, Heidi HolmesUse and Misuse of Quantitative Methods: Data Collection, Calculation, and Presentation - Bruce Brown, Dawson HedgesVisual Representation of People and Information: Translating Lives into Numbers, Words, and Images as Research Data - Julianne Newton

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