Halide Perovskite Semiconductors

Yuanyuan 'Alvin' Zhou is Associate Professor at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong. He is leading the Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory (ΣLab: https://www.alvinyzhou.com/) in the Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering at HKUST.Iván Mora-Seró is Full Professor at the University Jaume I (UJI), Spain. He is leading the Group of Advanced Semiconductors at Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) of UJI. He has been granted with different Spanish and international fellowships and awards.

• Preface xv1 Introduction to Perovskite 1Tianwei Duan, Iván Mora-Seró, and Yuanyuan Zhou1.1 Evolution of Perovskite 11.2 Structure of Perovskite 21.3 Property and Application of Perovskite 41.4 Summary and Outlook 72 Halide Perovskite Single Crystals 9Clara Aranda-Alonso and Michael Saliba2.1 Introduction 92.2 Crystal Structure 92.3 Synthesis Methods 142.4 Optoelectronic Properties of Halide Perovskite Single Crystals 212.5 Applications 293 Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals 49Samrat Das Adhikari, Andrés F. Gualdrón-Reyes, and Iván Mora-Seró3.1 Introduction 493.2 Methodology 513.3 Quantum Confinement Effect 573.4 Solution-processed Halide Exchange 593.5 Post-synthesis Defect Recovery 613.6 Different Shapes of the Nanocrystals 623.7 Doping in Perovskite Nanocrystals 643.8 Lead-free Perovskite Nanocrystals 693.9 Summary 704 Dimensionality Modulation in Halide Perovskites 79Akriti, Jee Yung Park, Shuchen Zhang, and Letian Dou4.1 Classification of Low-Dimensional Perovskites 794.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Morphological Low-Dimensional (ABX3) Halide Perovskites 804.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Molecular Low-Dimensional (Non-ABX3) Halide Perovskites 834.4 Applications of Low-Dimensional Halide Perovskites 1014.5 Current Challenges and Prospects of Low-Dimensional Halide5 Halide Double Perovskites 115Carina Pareja-Rivera, Dulce Zugasti-Fernández, Paul Olalde-Velasco, and Diego Solis-Ibarra5.1 Definition and Structure 1165.2 Properties 1185.3 Applications in Solar Cells and LEDs 1235.4 Other Applications 1265.5 Related Materials: Layered Double Perovskites and Vacancy Ordered Double Perovskites 1325.6 Conclusions 1356 Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells 147Xianyuan Jiang, Zihao Zang, and Zhijun Ning6.1 Introduction 1476.2 Tin Perovskite Properties 1486.3 Perovskite Composition Engineering 1516.4 Additives Manipulation 1556.5 Device Architecture Engineering 1566.6 Conclusion 1587 Fundamentals and Synthesis Methods of Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films 165Mingwei Hao, Tanghao Liu, Yalan Zhang, Tianwei Duan, and Yuanyuan Zhou7.1 Introduction 1657.2 Fundamentals of MHPs Thin Films 1667.3 Thin Film Growth Mechanism 1737.4 One-step Growth 1807.5 Two-step Growth 1867.6 Scalable Growth Methods 1927.7 Postdeposition Treatments 2007.8 Summary 2038 First Principles Atomistic Theory of Halide Perovskites 215Linn Leppert8.1 Introduction: What I Talk About When I Talk About First Principles Calculations of Halide Perovskites 2158.2 Structural Properties 2178.3 Optoelectronic Properties 2318.4 Concluding Remarks: First Person Singular 2429 Comparing the Charge Dynamics in MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 Using Microwave Photoconductance Measurements 251Tom J. Savenije, Jiashang Zhao, and Valentina M. Caselli9.1 Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity 2519.2 Global Modeling of TRMC Data 2549.3 TRMC Measurements on MAPbI3 and MAPbBr3 2559.4 TRMC Measurements on MAPbI3 and MAPbBr3 with Charge Selective10 Hot Carriers in Halide Perovskites 263Jia Wei Melvin Lim, Yue Wang, and Tze Chien Sum10.1 Introduction 26310.2 Hot Carrier Cooling Mechanisms 26510.3 Slow Hot Carrier Cooling in Halide Perovskites 26610.4 Utilizing Hot Carriers in Halide Perovskites 27510.5 Multiple Exciton Generation 28010.6 Multiple Exciton Generation Mechanisms 28310.7 Efficient Multiple Exciton Generation in Halide Perovskites 28910.8 Utilizing Multiple Exciton Generation in Halide Perovskites 29610.9 Conclusion and Outlook 29911 Ionic Transport in Perovskite Semiconductors 305Wenke Zhou, Yicheng Zhao, and Qing Zhao11.1 Theoretical Basis of Ionic Transport 30511.2 Characterizations of Ionic Transport 30611.3 Mobile Ions in Perovskite Film Under Electric Field 30911.4 The Factors Affecting Ionic Transport in Perovskites 31111.5 The Impact of Ionic Transport on Perovskite Films and Devices 31811.6 Summary and Outlook 32212 Light Emission of Halide Perovskites 329David O. Tiede, Juan F. Galisteo-López, and Hernán Míguez12.1 Introduction 32912.2 Charge-Carrier Recombination in Lead-Halide Perovskites 33012.3 Photoinduced Effects on Charge Carrier Recombination 33812.4 Lasing in Lead-Halide Perovskites 34112.5 Conclusions 34513 Epitaxy and Strain Engineering of Halide Perovskites 351Yang Hu, Jie Jiang, Lifu Zhang, Yunfeng Shi, and Jian Shi13.1 Introduction 35113.2 Epitaxy of Thin Film and Nanostructures 35313.2.1 Epitaxial Substrates 35313.2.2 Epitaxial Growth and Defects Formation Mechanisms 35513.2.3 Experimental Progresses 35813.3 Strain Engineering 36013.3.1 Theoretical Progresses 36113.3.2 Experimental Progresses 36313.4 Opportunities and Challenges 365Acknowledgments 366References 36714 Electron Microscopy of Perovskite Solar Cell Materials 377Mathias U. Rothmann, Wei Li, and Zhiwei Tao14.1 Introduction 37714.2 Fundamentals of Electron Microscopy 37714.3 Signal Generation 37914.4 SEM 38114.5 Conclusions 40615 In Situ Characterization of Halide Perovskite Synthesis 411Maged Abdelsamie, Tim Kodalle, Mriganka Singh, and Carolin M. Sutter-Fella15.1 Introduction 41115.2 Fundamentals of X-Ray Scattering and Fluorescence Techniques 41215.3 In Situ Optical Spectroscopy 42315.4 Examples of In Situ Multimodal Characterization During Solution-Based Fabrication 43015.5 Probing Beam–Sample Interaction 43515.6 Summary and Outlook 43716 Multimodal Characterization of Halide Perovskites: From the Macro to the Atomic Scale 443Tiarnan A. S. Doherty and Samuel D. Stranks16.1 Introduction 44316.2 Early Multimodal CharacterizationWork 44516.3 Recent Multimodal Characterization 45016.4 Pressing Challenges and Opportunities 46416.5 Outlook and Opportunities 471References 475Index 483