Geographical Places in Transportation

Jean-Baptiste Frétigny is Associate Professor in Human Geography at CY Cergy Paris Université, France, and Deputy Director of the PLACES research unit. His recent work includes coediting a volume on low-cost aviation (Elsevier 2022) and another on the relationships between public spaces and mobilities (PUR 2022). He is also the author of a book on the decarbonization policies of mobilities (Éditions de la Sorbonne 2024).

• Introduction xiJean-Baptiste FRÉTIGNYChapter 1. Infrastructure Networks and Major Transportation Places in the World: A Geohistorical Perspective 1Anne BRETAGNOLLE and Christophe MIMEUR1.1. Introduction 11.2. Transportation in the pre-industrial era: organization of long-distance land routes and supremacy of waterways 21.2.1. Invention of speed by the postal relay system 31.2.2. From cabotage to transatlantic navigation (15th-18th centuries) 41.2.3. Canals and locks at the nation-state level (16th-19th centuries) 61.3. The industrial and transportation revolution: scaling up, concentration processes and metropolization 81.3.1. Changes of scale in territorial integration processes 81.3.2. Hierarchical selection and bypassing of former stages 121.4. Globalization today: a new geography of dominant places shaped by transportation networks? 141.4.1. Containerization and international maritime freight: ver-renewed competition between the world’s metropolises 151.4.2. Air: a specific geography of dominant spaces and places 171.4.3. The material geography of the Internet: data transmission and storage infrastructures 211.5. Conclusion 241.6. References 25Chapter 2. Gateways or Globalization Taking Place(s): Interdependencies in Question 31Nadine CATTAN and Jean-Baptiste FRÉTIGNY2.1. Introduction: staples of globalization 312.2. A kaleidoscope of gateways 332.2.1. Site gateways 342.2.2. Corridor gateways 362.2.3. Territorial gateways 362.2.4. Embodied gateways 392.3. Why do gateways matter? 402.3.1. Major attractors: how to endure? 402.3.2. Giants with feet of clay 422.3.3. Who governs gateways? 452.4. Conclusion 472.5. References 48Chapter 3. Shifting Economic Models of Transportation Places 51Juliette MAULAT and Mathilde PEDRO3.1. Introduction 513.2. From a public model to a market-oriented model: the evolution of transportation place economics 533.2.1. The traditional economic model of stations and airports: network-centric and publicly regulated 533.2.2. New financing instruments: public-private partnerships, commercialization and real estate development 543.2.3. Differentiated economic models 563.3. Explanatory factors: sectoral restructuring, liberalization, state transformation and circulation of models 573.3.1. Liberalization of transportation and the logics of competition. 573.3.2. The restructuring of the state, the doctrines of new public management and austerity policies 603.3.3. The circulation of new urban planning and financing models 613.4. Effects of these changes on the functions, forms and practices of stations and airports: models in question 623.4.1. The complex interplay between transit and commercial functions 633.4.2. The territorial consequences of transforming transportation places: densification, competition and citizen opposition 653.4.3. Are economic models for transportation places weakening? 683.5. Conclusion 693.6. References 70Chapter 4. Logistics Places: An Urban Geography of Post-Industrial Blue-Collar Workers 75Nicolas RAIMBAULT4.1. Introduction 754.2. Warehouse blue-collar workers and the social issues of diffuse urbanization 774.2.1. The blue-collar world of warehouses 784.2.2. Outer-suburban logistics parks: the emergence of working-class economic centralities beyond the industrialinner suburbs 794.2.3. The social issues of blue-collar labor in diffuse urban areas 834.2.4. Toward a politicization of these emerging working-class centralities? 844.3. Delivering the city: working classes and mobile work in urban spaces 874.3.1. An explosion of deliveries, a low-cost economy 874.3.2. Delivery platformization 884.3.3. Self-employed workers and working classes 904.3.4. Mobilizations and alternatives 914.4. Conclusion 944.5. References 94Chapter 5. Public Space and Transportation: Friend or Foe? 99Antoine FLEURY and Jean-Baptiste FRÉTIGNY5.1. Introduction 995.2. Transportation infrastructure as an integral part of public space 1015.2.1. (Im)mobile transportation places as hotspots of social life 1015.2.2. Transportation roads and their multiple relationships with public space 1045.3. The contested role of transportation in the making of public spaces 1065.3.1. Three parameters for sharing space 1065.3.2. Shifts in the contemporary sharing of public space 1095.4. Designing public space and transportation together 1135.4.1. The quest for a fair sharing of space 1135.4.2. Extending the domain of public spaces to other transportation infrastructures 1165.5. Conclusion 1215.6. References 122Chapter 6. The Revival of Active Modes in Global North Cities 127Jean-Paul HUBERT, Kaduna-Eve DEMAILLY and Clément DUSONG6.1. Introduction: extracting active mobility from the places assigned by functionalist planning 1276.2. Words and watchwords of active mobility 1296.2.1. A mobility called to the rescue of major causes 1306.2.2. National strategy and local implementations 1316.2.3. Quantification and measurement of objectives 1326.2.4. A combination of different strengths 1346.3. The sharing of public space in question 1376.3.1. Reintegrating of active modes into general circulation 1396.3.2. Enhancing the continuity of pathways 1416.3.3. Addressing intermodality with public transportation and coexistence between active modes 1426.4. Conclusion: active modes as vectors for the activation of places 1446.5. References 145Chapter 7. Sensory Urban Mobilities: Experiences and Uses of Ambiances 149Damien MASSON7.1. Introduction 1497.2. Ambiances and mobilities, ambiances of mobilities: specificities of an object and of an approach for places and transportation 1527.2.1. Architectural and urban ambiances? 1527.2.2. Ambiances and mobilities: a methodological porosity 1547.3. Users as producers of ambiances: what sensory experiences of ordinary mobile practices? 1567.4. The production of ambiances by the operators of transportation spaces 1587.4.1. Forming an ambiance? 1597.4.2. What ambiances for transportation places, and in order to do what? 1607.5. Power for ambiances? Safety in question 1647.6. Conclusion 1677.7. References 168Chapter 8. Paratransit Places: Spaces of In-Betweenness in Cities of the Global South 173Solène BAFFI8.1. Introduction 1738.2. Places that shape metropolitan areas 1758.2.1. Paratransit, a sector structured by its places 1758.2.2. Paratransit stations and stops: places of resources and sociability 1778.2.3. Polarities within fragmented urban spaces 1788.3. Places with high stakes and power relationships 1808.3.1. Places imposing their presence in the urban space 1808.3.2. The shadow planning of paratransit places 1828.3.3. The sense of place of paratransit: a world in its own right 1858.4. The evolution of paratransit, a mirror of urban space hybridization 1878.4.1. "Institutional bricolage" as a mode of production of urban space 1878.4.2. Formalizing informality: planning hybrid services 1898.4.3. The blurring effect of digital tools 1908.5. Conclusion 1928.6. References 193Chapter 9. From Rapprochement to Separation: Transportation Places and Mobile Segregation 199Jean-Baptiste FRÉTIGNY9.1. Introduction 1999.2. Disjunctions in the frequentation of transportation places 2019.2.1. The social marking of transportation places 2019.2.2. Separation and interdependence: the ambivalence of roads 2059.2.3. An environmental transition without social justice? 2079.3. The transportation place as a material and symbolic distancing device 2109.3.1. The kaleidoscopic "place struggle" 2109.3.2. Beyond passengers 2169.4. Conclusion 2199.5. References 221Chapter 10. Heritage Development of Transportation Places 227Pierre-Louis BALLOT10.1. Introduction 22710.2. A traditional heritage development of transportation places: the example of stations and ports 22910.2.1. Stations and ports: symbol-places of urban, national and imperial territories, and their diverse values 22910.2.2. The future of heritage stations: inherited objects faced with contemporary issues 23110.3. The heritage development of roads: production of places and territories 23210.3.1. Roads and their diverse forms of heritage development 23210.3.2. National Road 7: from Roman road to a heritage object 23410.3.3. The heritage developments of National Road 7: between mediatization and local initiatives 23510.3.4. The road as a local-scale event 23710.4. Transportation and heritage development of the present: the example of airports 24010.4.1. The challenging heritage development of highly evolving places 24010.4.2. An emerging heritage development 24110.5. Conclusion 24410.6. References 244List of Authors 249Index 251