Fundamentals of Surveying

Written in a simple and lucid language, this book at the outset, presents a thorough introduction to the subject. Different measurement errors with their types and nature are described along with measurement of horizontal distances and electronic distances measurements. This text covers in detail the topics in levelling, angles and directions and compass survey. The functions and uses of different instruments, such as theodolites, tacheometers and stadia rods are also covered in the text. Besides, the book elaborates different fields of surveying, such as plane table surveying, topographical surveying, construction surveying and underground surveys. Finally, the book includes a chapter on computer applications in surveying.