Fundamentals of Seismic Loading on Structures

Professor Patrick J. Dowling CBE, DL, DSc, FIStructE, Hon MRIA, FIAE, FREng, FRS Chairman, British Association for the Advancement of Science Emeritus Professor and Retired Vice Chancellor, University of Surrey.

• Preface xvAcknowledgements xvii1 Introduction to Earthquakes 11.1 A Historical Perspective 11.2 The Nature of Earthquakes 81.3 Plate Tectonics 91.4 Focus and Epicentre 141.5 Seismic Waves 141.6 Seismometers 171.7 Magnitude and Intensity 221.8 Reid’s Elastic Rebound Theory 271.9 Significant Milestones in Earthquake Engineering 271.10 Seismic Tomography 281.11 References 322 Single Degree of Freedom Systems 352.1 Introduction 352.2 Free Vibration 382.3 Periodic Forcing Function 422.4 Arbitrary Forcing Function 492.5 References 533 Systems with Many Degrees of Freedom 553.1 Introduction 553.2 Lumped Parameter Systems with Two Degrees of Freedom 553.3 Lumped Parameter Systems with more than Two Degrees of Freedom 563.4 Mode Superposition 653.5 Damping Orthogonality 673.6 Non-linear Dynamic Analysis 683.7 References 734 Basics of Random Vibrations 754.1 Introduction 754.2 Concepts of Probability 764.3 Harmonic Analysis 854.4 Numerical Integration Scheme for Frequency Content 914.5 A Worked Example (Erzincan, 1992) 924.6 References 955 Ground Motion Characteristics 975.1 Characteristics of Ground Motion 975.2 Ground Motion Parameters 1105.3 References 1366 Introduction to Response Spectra 1416.1 General Concepts 1416.2 Design Response Spectra 1496.3 Site Dependent Response Spectra 1636.4 Inelastic Response Spectra 1746.5 References 1787 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis 1817.1 Introduction 1817.2 Basic Steps in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) 1837.3 Guide to Analytical Steps 1927.4 PSHA as Introduced by Cornell 1957.5 Monte Carlo Simulation Techniques 2007.6 Construction of Uniform Hazard Spectrum 2077.7 Further Computational Considerations 2127.8 References 2168 Code Provisions 2198.1 Introduction 2198.2 Static Force Procedure 2348.3 IBC 2006 2398.4 Eurocode 8 2448.5 A Worked Example (IBC 2000) 2498.6 References 2769 Inelastic Analysis and Design Concepts (with Particular Reference to H-Sections) 2799.1 Introduction 2799.2 Behaviour of Beam Columns 2809.3 Full Scale Laboratory Tests 2839.4 Concepts and Issues: Frames Subjected to Seismic Loading 2899.5 Proceeding with Dynamic Analysis (MDOF systems) 2909.6 Behaviour of Steel Members under Cyclic Loading 2939.7 Energy Dissipating Devices 2969.8 References 30310 Soil-Structure Interaction Issues 30510.1 Introduction 30510.2 Definition of the Problem 30510.3 Damaging Effects due to Amplification 30810.4 Damaging Effects Due to Liquefaction 31610.5 References 32111 Liquefaction 32311.1 Definition and Description 32311.2 Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance 32511.3 Liquefaction Analysis – Worked Example 33211.4 SPT Correlation for Assessing Liquefaction 33811.5 Influence of Fines Content 34811.6 Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential of Clay (cohesive) Soil 34911.7 Construction of Foundations of Structures in the Earthquake Zones Susceptible to Liquefaction 35011.8 References 35312 Performance Based Seismic Engineering – An Introduction 35712.1 Preamble 35712.2 Background to Current Developments 35812.3 Performance-Based Methodology 36012.4 Current Analysis Procedures 36512.5 Second Generation Tools for PBSE 37012.6 References 372Index 375