Fundamentals of Health Psychology

Thomas Hadjistavropoulos, Ph.D., ABPP, FCAHS is Professor of Clinical Psychology, Research Chair in Aging and Health and Director of the Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina. He has served as the 2007-2008 President of the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA). His research, which has been funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, AGE WELL Network of National Centres of Excellence and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, focuses on psychological issues in pain. An area of recent focus has been pain assessment and management among seniors with a special emphasis on seniors who have severe limitations in ability to communicate because of dementia.He has been honoured with numerous prestigious awards including a CIHR Investigator Award, the Year 2000 Canadian Pain Society Early Career Award for Excellence in Pain Research, the Canadian Association on Gerontology Distinguished Member Award, the Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation Career Achievement Award, a Saskatchewan Health Care Excellence Award, and many others. He has also been elected Fellow of the Canadian Psychological Association as well as of the American Psychological Association in recognition of his distinguished contributions to the science and profession of psychology. More recently, he was inducted as Fellow in the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences which represents one of the highest honours available to Canadian Health Scientists. Thomas is Editor-in-Chief of Ethics & Behavior and in the past has served as Editor of Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, Psychology Section Editor of the Canadian Journal on Aging as well as on other editorial boards.He has published over 160 peer reviewed papers and book chapters as well as five books. Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos (Ph.D. University of British Columbia 1995) is a Professor of Psychology at the University of Regina (U of R), Canada. She founded the Psychology Training Clinic at the U of R in 2002, and trains graduate students in the assessment and treatment of anxiety and mood disorders, commonly among individuals with co-morbid medical conditions. Heather's research is focused on: a) assessing and treating psychological problems that impact health; and b) understanding and improving the quality of health care in an attempt to reduce the burden of illness. Heather received a Canada Innovation Foundation grant to develop a state of the art Clinical Health Psychology research area.She has published and presented her research widely and received funding through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian Health Services Research Foundation and the Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation. She has been the recipient of many awards for her research as well as her contributions to training and the profession of psychology. In 2010, Dr. Hadjistavropoulos founded the Online Therapy Unit (onlinetherapyuser.ca). This unit has: 1) overseen the development of a website and policies and procedures for the delivery of therapist-assisted Internet-delivered Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (I-CBT) in Saskatchewan; 2) trained community providers and graduate students on how to use I-CBT; and, 3) coordinated, monitored and evaluated the delivery of I-CBT for multiple conditions. The Online Therapy Unit is having a substantive impact on delivery of psychological care in Saskatchewan and inspiring the development of similar services in other provinces.

• Note: All chapters include: - Learning Objectives - Future Directions - Summary - Critical Thought Questions - Recommended Reading Part One: Fundamentals of Health Psychology 1. Introduction to Health Psychology Thomas Hadjistavropoulos and Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos What Is Health Psychology? A Brief History of Health Psychology Careers in Health Psychology Major Theories and Models in Health Psychology - The Biopsychosocial Model - Health Belief Model - Social Cognitive Theory - Theory of Planned Behaviour - The Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation/Illness Representation - Cognitive Behavioural Perspective - The Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change 2. An Introduction to Body Systems and Psychological Influences on Health Blaine Ditto (McGill University) Body Systems - Introduction - The Cardiovascular System - The Gastrointestinal System - The Respiratory System - The Renal System/Urinary System - The Immune System Psychological Influences on Body Systems - The Peripheral Nervous System - The Autonomic Nervous System - The Endocrine System The Development of the Stress Concept Emotion Psychological Factors in the Development of Medical Illnesses - Gastrointestinal Ulcers: Executive Monkeys and Helpless Rats - Vasovagal Reactions: A Brief but Dramatic Response - High Blood Pressure - Other Diseases Psychoneuroimmunology - Development of the Field - Stress, Immune Function, and Illness 3. Stress, Coping, and Health Nicholas J.S. Christenfeld, Britta A. Larsen, and Arseny A. Ryazanov Introduction - Good vs. Bad Stress - Acute vs. Chronic Stress Stressful Situations - Job and Primary Role Stress - Life Events - Caregiver Stress - Sociological Stress: SES, Gender, and Race Contributors to Stress: The Person Contributors to Stress: The Interaction of Person and Situation Appraisal Coping - Problem vs. Emotion-Focused Coping - Social Support - The Great Gender Divide - Other Coping Strategies Stress and Mental Health - Stress and Sleep - Stress Management - Social Networking, Stress, and Online Social Support 4. Health Psychology within the Health-Care System Gregory P. Marchildon, Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos, and Gerald P. Koocher Introduction Health Systems in the United States, Canada, and Elsewhere Impact of Health Systems on Health Psychology Types of Health Services Patterns of Health-Care Use Medical Service Misuse - Overuse - Delayed Health Care Adherence to Medical Care - Definition and Measurement - Rates and Predictors of Adherence - Improving Adherence Patient Satisfaction Medical Cost Offset of Psychological Interventions 5. Prevention of Illness and Health Promotion Intervention James O. Prochaska and Janice M. Prochaska Importance of a Healthy Lifestyle Core Constructs of the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change - Stages of Change - Processes of Change - Decisional Balance Critical Assumptions of TTM Empirical Support - Stage Distribution - Pros and Cons across 12 Behaviours - Processes of Change across Behaviours - Relationship between Stages and Process of Change Applied Studies Challenging Studies Increasing Impacts with Multiple Behaviour Change Programs Applying TTM Interventions to Exercise, Nutrition, and Smoking Limitations of the Model 6. Eating, Smoking, and Recreational Substance Use NEW Swati Mehta, Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos, and Thomas Hadjistavropoulos Introduction Eating Behaviour - Obesity - Dieting - Eating Disorders - Risk Factors Substance Use Behaviours - Alcohol - Nicotine - Other Drugs - Risk Factors Assessment - Eating - Substance Use Management - Eating - Substance Use - Alcohol - Smoking 7. Health Anxiety and Other Psychological Responses to Bodily Symptoms Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos Introduction Common-Sense Model of Illness Representation/Self-Regulation - Dimensions of Illness Representations - Relationship between Illness Representations and Coping Behaviour - Illness Representations and Health Outcomes - Determinants of Illness Representations Health Anxiety - Clinical Considerations - Genetics - Cognitive Behavioural Model of Health Anxiety - Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Part Two: Health Conditions 8. Chronic Health Problems: Risk Factors, Prevention, Adjustment, and Management NEW Michelle M. Gagnon and Thomas Hadjistavropoulos Chronic Health Problems - Impact of Chronic Health Conditions Cross-Cutting Issues in Chronic Health Conditions: Prevention, Adherence, and Adjustment - Prevention - Adherence - Adjustment Prevention and Psychological Intervention for Chronic Health - Problems - Prevention and Promotion - Psychologists on Social Media - Self-Management - Psychological Interventions 9. The Psychology of Pain Thomas Hadjistavropoulos Acute vs. Chronic Pain, Prevalence, and Medical Management Understanding the Nature of Pain Theories of Pain - The Operant Model - The Fear Avoidance Model of Pain - The Communications Model of Pain - Cognitive Behavioural Theory of Pain Psychological Assessment of Pain - Full History, Co-morbidities, Coping Styles, and Overall Psychological Functioning - Dimensions of the Pain Experience - Pain Behaviour: Its Antecedents, Consequences, and Other Situational/Environmental Determinants of the Pain Experience - Effects of Pain on Quality of Life Psychological Treatments for Chronic Pain Psychological Management of Acute Pain 10. Cardiovascular Disease Amanda C. Kentner, Eric J. Connors, Adrienne H. Kovacs, and Sherry L. Grace Cause of Death: Heartbreak Cardiovascular Disease Description, Prevalence, and Medical Management - The Disease Process - Prevalence of CVD - Medical Management of CVD Psychological Factors in Cardiovascular Disease - Stress - Social Isolation - Psychological Disorders - Personality - Positive Psychology: Resilience and Coping Psychological Assessment of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Depression/Anxiety - Social Support - Personality Factors Interventions for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Pharmacotherapy (Medications) - Psychotherapy - Psycho-educational and Behavioural Interventions 11. HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Tyler G. Tulloch, Natalie L. Stratton, Stanley Ing, Bojana Petrovic, and Trevor A. Hart Sexually Transmitted Infections in the National and Global Context - Overview of STIs in the US and Canada Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors in HIV/STI Acquisition - Knowledge, Motivation, and Skills - Condom Use - Number of Sexual Partners - Communication - Substance Use - Personality Factors - Health Disparities - Minority Stress - Internet and Social Media Psychology of Living with HIV/STIs - Stressors - Psychiatric Diagnoses - Coping with HIV - Medications Adherence - Assessment of HIV/STI Risk Behaviour and Medication Adherence Evidence-Based Treatments and Other Interventions - Theoretical Frameworks Used in Evidence-Based Interventions - Methods of Delivering Interventions - Interventions to Prevent HIV and STI Transmission - Treatments and Interventions Involving People Living with HIV/STIs 12. Cancer Anne Moyer and Elizabeth A. Sarma Understanding Cancer Types and Prevalence of Cancer - Lung Cancer - Prostate Cancer - Breast Cancer Medical Management Approaches Cancer Risk Factors Biopsychosocial Factors in Cancer Incidence and Progression Cancer Prevention Psychosocial Adjustment to Cancer Psychological Assessment to Cancer Psychological Interventions for Cancer Patients Part Three: Special Populations 13. Pediatric Psychology Christine T. Chambers and Perri R. Tutelman What Is Pediatric Psychology? Coping with Chronic Medical Conditions Adherence to Pediatric Treatment Regimens Coping with Medical Procedures Pediatric Chronic Pain Pediatric Palliative Care Common Parenting Challenges: Sleeping, Feeding, Toileting Impact on Family Technology Applications in Pediatric Psychology: eHealth and Social Media 14. Health Geropsychology Casey B. Azuero, Rebecca S. Allen, and Thomas Hadjistavropoulos Introduction Working with Older Adults with Chronic Illnesses - Interdisciplinary and Collaborative Care - Advance Care Planning - Family Caregiving and Chronic Illness Chronic Pain - Older Adults Who Live Independently in the Community - Older Adults with Dementia Who Live in Long-Term Care Facilities - Falls Behavioural Interventions in Long-Term Care - Behavioural Activation in Long-Term Care End of Life Care Reminiscence Therapy - Treatments in the Community - Treatments in Long-Term Care - Treatments for Individuals Approaching the End of Life Cognitive Rehabilitation - Dementia 15. Cross-Cultural Issues in Health Psychology Jaime Williams and Chantelle Richmond Introduction: The Importance of Cross-Cultural Issues in Health Psychology What Is Diversity? Distinguishing among Race, Ethnicity, and Culture - Hofstede's Value Dimensions of Culture Cultural Factors and a Biopsychosocial Formulation of Health - Health Beliefs Expressed Cross-Culturally Health Disparities among Cultural Groups - Significant Health Disparities in North America - Determinants of Health Disparities - Socio-Economic Status: A Critical Determinant of Health Disparity - The Effect of Acculturation Mental Health Issues and Health - Cross-Cultural Presentation of Psychological Symptoms and Disorders - Empirically Supported Therapies with Cultural Groups Glossary References Names Index Subject Index

"This is an excellent text. It is a perfect balance between presenting the critical material and doing so in a relevant, accessible fashion. The concept of Canada is not an afterthought in this text-it is embedded at the core, which is critical for the teaching of health psychology in Canada." --Elizabeth Russell, Trent University"This is a very comprehensive and up-to-date text. The breadth and scope of the topics covered makes this an attractive choice for those teaching an introductory course in health psychology.... The material is well organized and presented in a logical manner. The prose flows well and the tone is appropriate for university level students. The examples used are topical and engaging." --Theresa Bianco, Concordia University