Fundamentals of Communication Systems

Inbunden, Engelska, 2013

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For a one/two-semester senior or first-year graduate level course in analog and digital communications. This text is also a suitable reference for electrical engineers for all basic relevant topics in digital communication system design.

With an emphasis on digital communications, Communication Systems Engineering, introduces the basic principles underlying the analysis and design of communication systems. In addition, this text gives a solid introduction to analog communications and a review of important mathematical foundation topics.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2013-07-19
Mått184 x 236 x 34 mm
Vikt1 290 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor928
Upplaga2
FörlagPearson Education
ISBN9780133354850

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Elektronik och kommunikationer inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

PREFACE xvii1 INTRODUCTION 11.1 Historical Review 11.2 Elements of an Electrical Communication System 41.2.1 Digital Communication System, 71.2.2 Early Work in Digital Communications, 101.3 Communication Channels and Their Characteristics 121.4 Mathematical Models for Communication Channels 181.5 Summary and Further Reading 202 SIGNALS AND LINEAR SYSTEMS 212.1 Basic Concepts 212.1.1 Basic Operations on Signals, 212.1.2 Classification of Signals, 232.1.3 Some Important Signals and Their Properties, 312.1.4 Classification of Systems, 382.1.5 Analysis of LTI Systems in the Time Domain, 412.2 Fourier Series 432.2.1 Fourier Series and Its Properties, 442.2.2 Response of LTI Systems to Periodic Signals, 542.2.3 Parseval’s Relation, 562.3 Fourier Transform 582.3.1 From Fourier Series to Fourier Transforms, 582.3.2 Basic Properties of the Fourier Transform, 642.3.3 Fourier Transform for Periodic Signals, 782.3.4 Transmission over LTI Systems, 812.4 Filter Design 852.5 Power and Energy 892.5.1 Energy-Type Signals, 892.5.2 Power-Type Signals, 922.6 Hilbert Transform and Its Properties 952.7 Lowpass and Bandpass Signals 982.8 Summary and Further Reading 100Problems 1013 AMPLITUDE MODULATION 1173.1 Introduction to Modulation 1183.2 Amplitude Modulation 1193.2.1 Double-Sideband Suppressed-Carrier AM, 1193.2.2 Conventional Amplitude Modulation, 1263.2.3 Single-Sideband AM, 1323.2.4 Vestigial-Sideband AM, 1343.3 Implementation of Amplitude Modulators and Demodulators 1373.4 Signal Multiplexing 1443.4.1 Frequency-Division Multiplexing, 1443.4.2 Quadrature-Carrier Multiplexing, 1453.5 AM Radio Broadcasting 1463.6 Summary and Further Reading 149Appendix 3A: Derivation of the Expression for SSB-AM Signals 149Problems 1514 ANGLE MODULATION 1614.1 Representation of FM and PM Signals 1614.2 Spectral Characteristics of Angle-Modulated Signals 1664.2.1 Angle Modulation by a Sinusoidal Signal, 1664.2.2 Angle Modulation by an Arbitrary Message Signal, 1704.3 Implementation of Angle Modulators and Demodulators 1714.4 FM Radio Broadcasting 1794.5 Summary and Further Reading 181Problems 1825 PROBABILITY AND RANDOM PROCESSES 1905.1 Review of Probability and Random Variables 1905.1.1 Sample Space, Events, and Probability, 1905.1.2 Conditional Probability, 1915.1.3 Random Variables, 1945.1.4 Functions of a Random Variable, 2015.1.5 Multiple Random Variables, 2035.1.6 Sums of Random Variables, 2085.2 Random Processes: Basic Concepts 2095.2.1 Statistical Averages, 2125.2.2 Wide-Sense Stationary Processes, 2155.2.3 Multiple Random Processes, 2175.2.4 Random Processes and Linear Systems, 2185.2.5 Power Spectral Density of Stationary Processes, 2205.2.6 Power Spectral Density of a Sum Process, 2255.3 Gaussian and White Processes 2265.3.1 Gaussian Processes, 2265.3.2 White Processes, 2285.3.3 Filtered Noise Processes, 2305.4 Summary and Further Reading 235Problems 2366 EFFECT OF NOISE ON ANALOG COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 2556.1 Effect of Noise on Amplitude Modulation Systems 2556.1.1 Effect of Noise on a Baseband System, 2566.1.2 Effect of Noise on DSB-SC AM, 2566.1.3 Effect of Noise on SSB AM, 2586.1.4 Effect of Noise on Conventional AM, 2596.2 Effect of Noise on Angle Modulation 2636.2.1 Threshold Effect in Angle Modulation, 2716.2.2 Preemphasis and Deemphasis Filtering for FM, 2746.3 Comparison of Analog-Modulation Systems 2776.4 Effects of Transmission Losses and Noise in Analog CommunicationSystems 2786.4.1 Characterization of Thermal Noise Sources, 2796.4.2 Effective Noise Temperature and Noise Figure, 2806.4.3 Transmission Losses, 2836.4.4 Repeaters for Signal Transmission, 2846.5 Summary and Further Reading 287Problems 2887 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION 2967.1 Sampling of Signals and Signal Reconstruction from Samples 2977.1.1 The Sampling Theorem, 2977.2 Quantization 3017.2.1 Scalar Quantization, 3027.2.2 Vector Quantization, 3097.3 Encoding 3117.4 Waveform Coding 3127.4.1 Pulse Code Modulation, 3137.4.2 Differential Pulse Code Modulation, 3177.4.3 Delta Modulation, 3187.5 Analysis—Synthesis Techniques 3217.6 Digital Audio Transmission and Digital Audio Recording 3257.6.1 Digital Audio in Telephone Transmission Systems, 3257.6.2 Digital Audio Recording, 3277.7 The JPEG Image-Coding Standard 3327.8 Summary and Further Reading 335Problems 3368 DIGITAL MODULATION METHODS IN AN ADDITIVE WHITE GAUSSIAN NOISE CHANNEL 3478.1 Geometric Representation of Signal Waveforms 3488.2 Binary Modulation Schemes 3528.2.1 Binary Antipodal Signaling, 3528.2.2 Binary Orthogonal Signaling, 3568.3 Optimum Receiver for Binary Modulated Signals in Additive White Gaussian Noise 3618.3.1 Correlation-Type Demodulator, 3628.3.2 Matched-Filter-Type Demodulator, 3718.3.3 The Performance of the Optimum Detector for Binary Signals, 3798.4 M-ary Digital Modulation 3848.4.1 The Optimum Receiver for M-ary Signals in AWGN, 3848.4.2 A Union Bound on the Probability of Error, 3968.5 M-ary Pulse Amplitude Modulation 3988.5.1 Carrier-Modulated PAM for Bandpass Channels (M-ary ASK), 4008.5.2 Demodulation and Detection of Amplitude-Modulated PAM Signals, 4038.5.3 Probability of Error for M-ary PAM, 4038.6 Phase-Shift Keying 4068.6.1 Geometric Representation of PSK Signals, 4088.6.2 Demodulation and Detection of PSK Signals, 4108.6.3 Probability of Error for Phase-Coherent PSK Modulation, 4118.6.4 Differential Phase Encoding and Differential Phase Modulationand Demodulation, 4168.6.5 Probability of Error for DPSK, 4188.7 Quadrature Amplitude-Modulated Digital Signals 4198.7.1 Geometric Representation of QAM Signals, 4218.7.2 Demodulation and Detection of QAM Signals, 4238.7.3 Probability of Error for QAM, 4248.8 Carrier-Phase Estimation 4298.8.1 The Phase-Locked Loop, 4298.8.2 The Costas Loop, 4378.8.3 Carrier-Phase Estimation for PAM, 4398.8.4 Carrier-Phase Estimation for PSK, 4408.8.5 Carrier-Phase Estimation for QAM, 4448.9 Symbol Synchronization 4468.9.1 Early—Late Gate Synchronizers, 4478.9.2 Minimum Mean Square Error Method, 4508.9.3 Maximum-Likelihood Method, 4518.9.4 Spectral-Line Method, 4528.9.5 Symbol Synchronization for Carrier-Modulated Signals, 4558.10 Regenerative Repeaters 4568.11 Summary and Further Reading 457Problems 4599 MULTIDIMENSIONAL DIGITAL MODULATION 4859.1 M-ary Orthogonal Signals 4859.1.1 Probability of Error for M-ary Orthogonal Signals, 4889.1.2 A Union Bound on the Error Probability of M-ary Orthogonal Signals, 4919.2 Biorthogonal Signals 4929.2.1 Probability of Error for M-ary Biorthogonal Signals, 4959.3 Simplex Signals 4979.3.1 Probability of Error for M-ary Simplex Signals, 4989.4 Binary-Coded Signals 4999.4.1 Probability of Error for Binary-Coded Signals, 5019.5 Frequency-Shift Keying 5019.5.1 Demodulation of M-ary FSK, 5039.5.2 Optimum Detector for Noncoherent Binary FSK, 5079.5.3 Probability of Error for Noncoherent Detection of M-ary FSK, 5109.6 Modulation Systems with Memory 5139.6.1 Continuous-Phase FSK, 5139.6.2 Spectral Characteristics of CPFSK Signals, 5249.7 Comparison of Modulation Methods 5259.8 Summary and Further Reading 532Problems 53310 DIGITAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH BANDLIMITED AWGN CHANNELS 54310.1 Characterization of Bandlimited Channels and Signal Distortion 54310.1.1 Intersymbol Interference in Signal Transmission, 54710.1.2 Digital Transmission through Bandlimited Bandpass Channels, 54910.2 The Power Spectrum of Digitally Modulated Signals 55210.3 Signal Design for Bandlimited Channels 55610.3.1 Design of Bandlimited Signals for Zero ISI–The NyquistCriterion, 55810.3.2 Design of Bandlimited Signals with Controlled ISI–Partial Response Signals, 56410.4 Detection of Partial-Response Signals 56610.4.1 Symbol-by-Symbol Detection, 56710.4.2 Probability of Error for Symbol-by-Symbol Detection, 57010.4.3 Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Detection of Partial-ResponseSignals, 57310.4.4 Error Probability of the Maximum-Likelihood SequenceDetector, 57610.5 System Design in the Presence of Channel Distortion 57710.5.1 Design of Transmitting and Receiving Filters for a KnownChannel, 57810.5.2 Channel Equalization, 58210.6 Summary and Further Reading 599Appendix 10A: Power Spectrum of Modulated Signals 60110A.1 The Power Spectrum of the Baseband Signal, 60110A.2 The Power Spectrum of the Carrier Modulated Signals, 603Problems 60411 MULTICARRIER MODULATION AND OFDM 62111.1 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 62111.2 Modulation and Demodulation in an OFDM System 62211.3 An OFDM System Implemented via the FFT Algorithm 62611.4 Spectral Characteristics of OFDM Signals 62911.5 Peak-to-Average Power Ratio in OFDM Systems 63111.6 Applications of OFDM 63311.6.1 Digital Subscriber Lines, 63311.6.2 Wireless LANs, 63511.6.3 Digital Audio Broadcasting, 63611.7 Summary and Further Reading 636Problems 63712 AN INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION THEORY 64112.1 Modeling Information Sources 64212.1.1 Measure of Information, 64412.1.2 Joint and Conditional Entropy, 64712.1.3 Mutual Information, 65012.1.4 Differential Entropy, 65012.2 The Source Coding Theorem 65212.3 Source Coding Algorithms 65512.3.1 The Huffman Source Coding Algorithm, 65512.3.2 The Lempel—Ziv Source Coding Algorithm, 65912.4 Modeling of Communication Channels 66112.5 Channel Capacity 66412.5.1 Gaussian Channel Capacity, 66912.6 Bounds on Communication 67112.7 Summary and Further Reading 674Problems 67513 CODING FOR RELIABLE COMMUNICATIONS 68913.1 The Promise of Coding 68913.2 Linear Block Codes 69413.2.1 Decoding and Performance of Linear Block Codes, 70013.2.2 Some Important Linear Block Codes, 70713.2.3 Error Detection versus Error Correction, 70813.2.4 Burst-Error-Correcting Codes, 70913.3 Convolutional Codes 71113.3.1 Basic Properties of Convolutional Codes, 71213.3.2 Maximum Likelihood Decoding of Convolutional Codes–The ViterbiAlgorithm, 71713.3.3 Other Decoding Algorithms for Convolutional Codes, 72213.3.4 Bounds on the Error Probability of Convolutional Codes, 72213.4 Good Codes Based on Combination of Simple Codes 72513.4.1 Product Codes, 72713.4.2 Concatenated Codes, 72813.5 Turbo Codes and Iterative Decoding 72813.5.1 MAP Decoding of Convolutional Codes–The BCJR Algorithm, 73113.5.2 Iterative Decoding for Turbo Codes, 73713.5.3 Performance of Turbo Codes, 73913.6 Low-Density Parity-Check Codes 74113.6.1 Decoding LDPC Codes, 74513.7 Coding for Bandwidth-Constrained Channels 74713.7.1 Combined Coding and Modulation, 74813.7.2 Trellis-Coded Modulation, 74913.8 Practical Applications of Coding 75613.8.1 Coding for Deep-Space Communications, 75613.8.2 Coding for Telephone-Line Modems, 75813.9 Summay and Further Reading 759Problems 76014 DATA TRANSMISSION IN FADING MULTIPATH CHANNELS 76914.1 Characterization of Physical Wireless Channels 76914.2 Channel Models for Time-Variant Multipath Channels 77114.2.1 Frequency Nonselective Fading Channel, 77414.2.2 Frequency Selective Fading Channel, 77714.2.3 Models for the Doppler Power Spectrum, 77814.2.4 Propagation Models for Mobile Radio Channels, 78114.3 Performance of BinaryModulation in Rayleigh Fading Channels 78314.3.1 Probability of Error in Frequency Nonselective Channels, 78314.3.2 Performance Improvement through Signal Diversity, 78614.3.3 The RAKE Demodulator and Its Performance in Frequency SelectiveChannels, 79214.3.4 OFDM Signals in Frequency Selective Channels, 79414.4 Multiple Antenna Systems 79514.4.1 Channel Models for Multiple Antenna Systems, 79614.4.2 Signal Transmission in a Slow Fading Frequency NonselectiveMIMOChannel, 79714.4.3 Detection of Data Symbols in a MIMO System, 79914.4.4 Error Rate Performance of the Detectors, 80014.4.5 Space—Time Codes for MIMO Systems, 80214.5 Link Budget Analysis for Radio Channels 81014.6 Summary and Further Reading 813Problems 81515 SPREAD-SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 82515.1 Model of a Spread-Spectrum Digital Communication System 82615.2 Direct Sequence Spread-Spectrum Systems 82715.2.1 Effect of Despreading on a Narrowband Interference, 83015.2.2 Probability of Error at the Detector, 83115.2.3 Performance of Coded Spread-Spectrum Signals, 83615.3 Some Applications of DS Spread-Spectrum Signals 83615.3.1 Low-Detectability Signal Transmission, 83615.3.2 Code Division Multiple Access, 83715.3.3 Communication over Channels with Multipath, 83815.3.4 Wireless LANs, 83915.4 Generation of PN Sequences 84015.5 Frequency-Hopped Spread Spectrum 84315.5.1 Slow Frequency-Hopping Systems and Partial-Band Interference, 84415.5.2 Fast Frequency Hopping, 84715.5.3 Applications of FH Spread Spectrum, 84815.6 Synchronization of Spread-Spectrum Systems 84915.6.1 Acquisition Phase, 84915.6.2 Tracking, 85215.7 Digital Cellular Communication Systems 85615.7.1 The GSM System, 85815.7.2 CDMA System Based on IS-95, 86215.7.3 Third Generation Cellular Communication Systems and Beyond, 86615.8 Summary and Further Reading 868Problems 869REFERENCES 877INDEX 886

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