Functional Polymer Coatings

Limin Wu is the director of the Advanced Coatings Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China and a Professor of the Department of Materials Science at Fudan University in Shanghai. He has over 20 years of experience in the areas of  nano/micro hybrid colloidal spheres and functional polymer coatings.Jamil Baghdachi is the Interim Director of the Coatings Research Institute and a Professor in the Polymers and Coatings department at Eastern Michigan University. He has over 25 years of experience in polymers, coatings, adhesives, paints, and composites and has acted as a consultant for national and international firms.

• Contributors xiPreface xiii1 Transparent Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposite Coatings 1Shuxue Zhou and Limin Wu1.1 Introduction 11.2 Fabrication Strategies 21.2.1 Blending Method 21.2.2 Sol–Gel Process 101.2.3 Intercalation Method 111.3 Mechanically Enhanced Nanocomposite Clearcoats 131.3.1 Solventborne Polyurethane Nanocomposite Coatings 151.3.2 Waterborne Nanocomposite Clearcoats 171.3.3 UV]Curable Nanocomposite Coatings 191.3.4 Other Mechanically Strong Nanocomposite Coatings 261.4 Optical Nanocomposite Coatings 281.4.1 Transparent UV]Shielding Nanocomposite Coatings 281.4.2 High Refractive Index Nanocomposite Coatings 341.4.3 Transparent NIR]Shielding Nanocomposite Coatings 411.5 Transparent Barrier Nanocomposite Coatings 451.6 Transparent Conducting Nanocomposite Coatings 491.7 Other Functional Nanocomposite Coatings 541.8 Conclusions and Outlook 57References 582 Superhydrophobic and Superoleophobic Polymeric Surfaces 71Jie Zhao and W. (Marshall) Ming2.1 Introduction 712.2 Surface Wettability 722.3 Various Approaches to Obtain Super]Repellent Surfaces 742.3.1 Template]Replicating Methods 742.3.2 Hierarchically Structured Particles 752.3.3 LbL Deposition 782.3.4 Plasma Treatment 792.3.5 Chemical Vapor Deposition 812.3.6 Electrospinning 832.3.7 Electrochemical Polymerization 852.3.8 Other Methods 862.4 Applications of Super]Repellent Polymeric Surfaces 862.4.1 Self]Cleaning 862.4.2 Anti]bioadhesion 872.4.3 Anti]Icing 892.4.4 Oil–Water Separation 892.5 Summary and Outlook 90Acknowledgments 90References 903 Superhydrophilic and Superamphiphilic Coatings 96Sandro Olveira, Ana Stojanovic, and Stefan Seeger3.1 Introduction 963.2 Basic Concepts of Superhydrophilicity 973.3 Naturally Occurring Superhydrophilic and Superamphiphilic Surfaces 1003.4 Artificial Superhydrophilic Coatings 1013.4.1 TiO2 Coatings 1013.4.2 SiO2 Coatings 1033.5 Methods for Fabricating Superhydrophilic and Superamphiphilic Surfaces 1043.5.1 Sol–Gel Method 1043.5.2 Layer]By]Layer Assembly 1053.5.3 Electrochemical Methods 1063.5.4 Electrospinning 1063.5.5 Etching 1073.5.6 Plasma Treatment 1073.5.7 Hydrothermal Method 1083.5.8 Dip Coating 1093.5.9 Phase Separation 1093.5.10 Templating Method 1093.6 Applications 1103.6.1 Self]Cleaning 1103.6.2 Antifogging and Antireflective Coatings 1113.6.3 Antifouling Properties 1143.6.4 Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer 1153.6.5 Efficient Water Evaporation 1183.6.6 Switchable and Patterned Wettability Coatings 1183.6.7 Other Applications 1193.7 Commercial Coatings 1203.8 Conclusions and Outlook 122References 1234 Self]Healing Polymeric Coatings 133A.C.C. Esteves and S.J. García4.1 Introduction 1334.1.1 Self]Healing Materials 1344.1.2 Self]Healing Polymeric Coatings 1374.2 Self]Healing Approaches for Functional Polymeric Coatings 1384.2.1 Intrinsic Healing 1384.2.2 Extrinsic Healing 1474.3 Functionalities Recovery and Possible Applications 1494.3.1 Surface Properties: Wettability and Anti](bio)adhesion 1494.3.2 Barrier and Corrosion Protection 1514.3.3 Interfacial Bonding between Dissimilar Materials 1534.4 Concluding Remarks and Challenges 154Acknowledgments 155References 1555 Stimuli-Responsive Polymers as Active Layers for Sensors 163Sergio Granados]Focil5.1 Introduction 1635.2 Stimuli]Responsive Soft Materials 1645.2.1 Thermally Responsive Polymers 1655.2.2 Field]Responsive Polymers 1665.2.3 Biologically Responsive Polymer Systems 1685.2.4 Multistimuli]Responsive Materials 1725.2.5 Stimuli]Responsive Hydrogels 1755.3 Sensors from Stimuli]Responsive Hydrogel Layers 1765.3.1 pH Sensors 1785.3.2 Metal Ion Sensors 1795.3.3 Humidity Sensors 1805.3.4 DNA Sensors 1815.3.5 Glucose Sensors 1815.4 Ionophore]Based Sensors 1825.4.1 Ion]Selective Electrodes 1825.4.2 Chromoionophores 1845.4.3 Optodes 1855.4.4 Dynamic Optodes 1855.5 Challenges and Opportunities 186References 1876 Self]Stratifying Polymers and Coatings 197Jamil Baghdachi, H. Perez, and Punthip Talapatcharoenkit6.1 Introduction 1976.2 Basic Concepts of Self]Stratification 2006.2.1 Evaporation Effect 2006.2.2 The Surface Tension Gradient 2016.2.3 The Substrate]Wetting Force 2036.2.4 Kinetically Controlled Reactions 2056.3 Conclusions 214References 2157 Surface]Grafted Polymer Coatings: Preparation, Characterization, and Antifouling Behavior 218Marc A. Rufin and Melissa A. Grunlan7.1 Introduction 2187.2 Surface]Grafting Methods 2197.2.1 “Grafting]From” Method 2197.2.2 “Grafting]To” Method 2207.3 Behavior of Surface]Grafted Polymers 2227.3.1 Conformation of Grafted Chains 2227.3.2 Chain Migration 2237.4 Characterization Techniques 2247.4.1 Ellipsometry 2247.4.2 Contact Angle 2247.4.3 X]ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 2257.4.4 Scanning Probe Microscopies 2267.5 Antifouling Coatings 2277.5.1 Surface]Grafted PEG 2287.5.2 Surface]Grafted Zwitterionic Polymers 2297.6 Summary 230References 2308 Partially Fluorinated Coatings by Surface]Initiated Ring]Opening Metathesis Polymerization 239G. Kane Jennings and Carlos A. Escobar8.1 Basic Concepts 2398.2 Surface Chemistry 2418.3 Kinetics of Film Growth 2428.4 Surface Energy of pnbfn Films 2438.5 Micromolding Sip 2458.6 Conclusions and Outlook 247Acknowledgments 248References 2489 Fabrication and Application of Structural Color Coatings 250Zhehong Shen, Hao Chen, and Limin Wu9.1 Introduction 2509.2 General Methods of Colloidal Assembly 2529.2.1 Flow]Induced Deposition 2529.2.2 Field]Induced Deposition 2579.3 Colloidal Assembly of Soft Polymer Spheres 2609.4 Uses of Structural Colors 2659.4.1 Photonic Paper 2659.4.2 Coloring and Protection of Substrates 2679.4.3 Color Responses 2689.4.4 Structural Color Coatings with Lotus Effects and Superhydrophilicity 2729.4.5 Structural Color as Effect Pigments 2739.5 Conclusions and Outlook 274References 27410 Antibacterial Polymers and Coatings 280Jamil Baghdachi and Qinhua Xu10.1 Introduction 28010.2 Basic Concepts 28110.2.1 Coatings that Resist Adhesion 28210.2.2 Coatings that Release Toxins 28210.3 Polymers and Antimicrobial Coating Binders 28310.3.1 Polymeric Coatings with QA Groups 28310.3.2 Polymers with Quaternary Phosphonium Groups 28410.3.3 Norfloxacin]Containing Polymers 28610.3.4 Polymeric N]Halamines 28810.4 Addition of Inorganic Particles 28910.4.1 Titanium Dioxide 28910.4.2 Zinc Oxide 29010.4.3 Silver Compounds 29010.5 Conclusions and Outlook 292References 29211 Novel Marine Antifouling Coatings: Antifouling Principles and Fabrication Methods 296Yunjiao Gu and Shuxue Zhou11.1 Introduction 29611.2 Marine Biofouling 29711.3 Enzyme]Based Coatings 30011.4 Fouling Release Coatings 30211.4.1 Principles of FR Coatings 30211.4.2 Hybrid Silicone]Based FR Coatings 30411.4.3 Fluoropolymer]Based FR Coatings 30511.5 Nonfouling Coatings 30511.5.1 Principles of NF Coatings 30611.5.2 PEG]Based NF Coatings 30711.5.3 Poly(Zwitterionic) NF Coatings 31111.5.4 Other Hydrophilic NF Materials 31311.6 Bioinspired Micro]Topographical Surfaces 31611.6.1 AF Principles of Bioinspired Microtopographical Surfaces 31611.6.2 Approaches to the Production of AF Coatings with Surface Topographies 32011.7 Amphiphilic Nanostructured Coatings 32211.7.1 Principles of Amphiphilic Nanostructured Coatings 32311.7.2 PEG]Fluoropolymers Amphiphilic Coatings 32511.7.3 Other Amphiphilic AF Polymers 32911.7.4 Characterization Techniques 32911.8 Summary 331References 333Index 338