Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals

The authorsWilliam O. Reece, DVM, PhD is University Professor Emeritus in the Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, at Iowa State University of Science and Technology in Ames, Iowa, USA. Eric W. Rowe, DVM, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, at Iowa State University of Science and Technology in Ames, Iowa, USA.

• Contributors xiPreface xiiiAcknowledgments xvAbout the Companion Website xvii1 Basics of Structure and Function 1The Cell, Its Structure and Functions 1Energy Production 4Functions of DNA and RNA 5Embryology 8Tissues 11Directional Terms and Planes 17Body Cavities 192 Body Water: Properties and Functions 25Physicochemical Properties of Solutions 25Distribution of Body Water 33Water Balance 35Dehydration, Thirst, and Water Intake 37Adaptation to Water Lack 383 Blood and Its Functions 42General Characteristics 42Leukocytes 44Erythrocytes 51Fate of Erythrocytes 55Iron Metabolism 57Anemia and Polycythemia 59Hemostasis: Prevention of Blood Loss 59Prevention of Blood Coagulation 67Tests for Blood Coagulation 68Plasma and Its Composition 694 Nervous System 78Structure of the Nervous System 78Organization of the Nervous System 82The Nerve Impulse and Its Transmission 98Reflexes 104The Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid 106Central Nervous System Metabolism 1115 The Sensory Organs 117Classification of Sensory Receptors 117Sensory Receptor Responses 118Pain 119Taste 121Smell 123Hearing and Equilibrium 125Vision 1346 Endocrine System 152Hormones 152Pituitary Gland 154Thyroid Gland 157Parathyroid Glands 160Adrenal Glands 162Pancreatic Gland 166Prostaglandins and Their Functions 1677 Bones, Joints, and Synovial Fluid 171General Features of the Skeleton 171Bone Structure 179Bone Formation 184Bone Repair 188Joints and Synovial Fluid 1898 Muscle 198Classification 198Arrangement 200Skeletal-Muscle Harnessing 201Microstructure of Skeletal Muscle 202Skeletal-Muscle Contraction 206Comparison of Contraction among Muscle Types 214Changes in Muscle Size 2169 The Cardiovascular System 220Heart and Pericardium 220Blood Vessels 225Lymphatic System 231Spleen 235Cardiac Contractility 237Electrocardiogram 240Heart Sounds 242Heart Rate and Its Control 243Blood Pressure 245Blood Flow 247Capillary Dynamics 25010 The Respiratory System 258Respiratory Apparatus 258Factors Associated with Breathing 266Respiratory Pressures 269Pulmonary Ventilation 271Diffusion of Respiratory Gases 273Oxygen Transport 275Carbon Dioxide Transport 278Regulation of Ventilation 280Respiratory Clearance 285Nonrespiratory Functions of the Respiratory System 286Pathophysiology Terminology 287Avian Respiration 28911 The Urinary System 298Gross Anatomy of the Kidneys and Urinary Bladder 299The Nephron 302Formation of Urine 307Glomerular Filtration 309Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion 312Countercurrent Mechanism 314Concentration of Urine 317Extracellular Fluid Volume Regulation 321Aldosterone 321Other Hormones with Kidney Association 322Micturition 324Characteristics of Mammalian Urine 325Renal Clearance 326Maintenance of Acid–Base Balance 327Avian Urinary System 33112 Digestion and Absorption 341Introductory Considerations 342The Oral Cavity and Pharynx 343The Simple Stomach 348Intestines 350Accessory Organs 358Composition of Foodstuffs 362Pregastric Mechanical Functions 365Gastrointestinal Motility 368Mechanical Functions of the Stomach and Small Intestine 370Mechanical Functions of the Large Intestine 372Digestive Secretions 373Digestion and Absorption 379The Ruminant Stomach 381Characteristics of Ruminant Digestion 385Chemistry and Microbiology of the Rumen 388Ruminant Metabolism 390Avian Digestion 39313 Body Heat and Temperature Regulation 402Body Temperature 402Physiologic Responses to Heat 403Physiologic Responses to Cold 407Hibernation 408Hypothermia and Hyperthermia 40914 Male Reproduction 412Testes and Associated Structures 412Descent of the Testes 417Accessory Sex Glands and Semen 419Penis and Prepuce 420Muscles of Male Genitalia 423Blood and Nerve Supply 424Spermatogenesis 425Erection 430Mounting and Intromission 431Emission and Ejaculation 431Factors Affecting Testicular Function 432Reproduction in the Avian Male 43215 Female Reproduction 438Functional Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System 438Hormones of Female Reproduction 448Ovarian Follicle Activity 452Sexual Receptivity 456Estrous Cycle and Related Factors 457Pregnancy 462Parturition 468Involution of the Uterus 472Reproduction in the Avian Female 47316 Lactation 481Functional Anatomy of Female Mammary Glands 481Mammogenesis 487Lactogenesis and Lactation 488Composition of Milk 490Milk Removal and Other Considerations 493Appendix A Normal Blood Values 497Appendix B Answers to Self Evaluation 501Index 507

‘The book has a number of features that help in the delivery and retention of the information. The chapter overviews at the beginning of the chapters and the self-evaluation questions help focus students on the salient points of each unit. Second, the many figures help in explaining the concepts. And, third, the resources the accompanying website provides are relevant to the discussion.This up-to-date overview of functional anatomy and physiology is a good book for students interested in veterinary sciences or thinking they'd like to pursue veterinary medicine … it provides a good starting foundation for students serious about pursuing careers in veterinary medicine, where structure and function are central to the curriculum.’ Doody’s, November 2017