Frontiers in Civil Justice

Edited by Xandra Kramer, Professor of Private Law, Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam and Professor of Private International Law, Utrecht University, Jos Hoevenaars, Betül Kas Postdoc Researchers, Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam and Erlis Themeli, Faculty of Law, T.M.C. Asser Instituut, the Netherlands

• Contents: Preface xii1 Frontiers in civil justice – privatising, digitising andfunding justice 1Xandra Kramer, Jos Hoevenaars and Erlis ThemeliPART I ADR AND THE COURTS – SHAPING THEINTERACTION BETWEEN PUBLIC ANDPRIVATE JUSTICE2 The untapped potential of a structured interaction betweencourts and ADR for the resolution of consumer disputes in the EU 22Betül Kas3 Formal and informal justice in Belgium 40Stefaan Voet4 Formulating a more principled approach to ADR withinthe English civil justice system 61Masood Ahmed5 Alternative dispute resolution, justice and accountability inNorwegian civil justice 81Anna NylundPART II DIGITSING PRIVATE AND PUBLIC JUSTICE6 The frontiers of digital justice in Europe 102Erlis Themeli7 AI and access to justice: An expansion of AdrianZuckerman’s findings 121Nicolas Kyriakides, Anna Plevri and Yomna Zentani8 Automating due process – the promise and challenges ofAI-based techniques in consumer online dispute resolution 142Martin Ebers9 E-negotiation in the EU: Current experiences, challenges,and new scenarios 169Marco Giacalone and Seyedeh Sajedeh Salehi10 Unpacking content moderation: The rise of social mediaplatforms as online civil courts 193Catalina Goanta and Pietro Ortolani11 Access to digital justice: In search of an effective remedyfor removing unlawful online content 218Naomi Appelman, Joanna van Duin, Ronan Fahy, Jorisvan Hoboken, Natali Helberger and Brahim ZaroualPART III COLLECTIVISING AND MONETISING CIVILLITIGATION12 Dutch collective actions and the rise of entrepreneurialactors: Navigating between access to justice and a claim culture 239Ilja Tillema13 German collective actions – is litigation funding in a dead end? 260Astrid Stadler14 Transparency and oversight of class actions funding in Canada 277Catherine PichéIndex

‘This truly topical book explores three new frontiers on the route to an efficient, cost-effective, and fair dispute resolution system adjusted to the needs of the 21st century. One of the most innovative teams of European researchers led by Xandra Kramer continues to build bridges between the old topic of access to justice and exciting contemporary challenges.’