Fishes in Lagoons and Estuaries in the Mediterranean 1

Mohamed Hichem Kara (Sc.D.) is Professor at the University of Annaba, Algeria, where he manages the marine bioresource laboratory, founded in 2003. He is a founding member of the Algerian Academy of Science and Technology, and a member of the French Ichtyological Society.Jean-Pierre Quignard (Sc.D.) is Honorary Professor at the University of Montpellier, France, where he manages the Mediterranean ichtyological laboratory. He is a member of the Montpellier Académie des sciences et lettres and of the French Ichthyological Society.

• Foreword ixPreface xiIntroduction xiiiChapter 1. Mediterranean Lagoons and Estuaries 11.1. What is a lagoon and what is an estuary? 21.2. Lagoons and estuaries of the Mediterranean: characteristics,inventory and classification 81.3. Some recurrent preconceived ideas and problems concerning lagoons 141.4. Geological, geographic and physicochemical types of lagoon 151.4.1. According to their geological origin 151.4.2. According to their connections with the sea 161.4.3. According to their physical chemistry 171.4.4. According to their haline system 171.4.5. According to their nutrient content 181.4.6. According to their geographic position and connection with the sea 191.5. Lagoon hydroclimate and hydrodynamics 191.6. Some features of lagoon ichthyoecobiology 211.7. Production in lagoons and trophic chains 261.8. Lagoon habitats 30Chapter 2. Ecology and Behavior 332.1. Origin and originality 382.2. Ecology and behavior 432.2.1. Sedentaries 442.2.2. Migrators 472.2.3. Intermittent residents 502.3. Sea–lagoon/lagoon–sea fish interaction: the phenology of migrations 512.3.1. Inmigration 512.3.2. Outmigrations 552.4. Ecological valence 582.5. Lagoons and invasions: the presence of exotic species 592.6. Structure of fish assemblages 622.6.1. Natural factors in spatiotemporal distribution 632.6.2. Assemblages and anthropization 662.6.3. Utilization of ichthyological indicators 69Chapter 3. Biology and Genetics 713.1. Sexuality 723.2. Reproduction 773.2.1. Nest building, gestation and fecundity 783.2.2. Reproductive success and gamete management 823.2.3. Reproductive particularities in Blenniidae, Gobiidae and Labridae 853.2.4. Reproductive particularities in Syngnathidae 863.2.5. Other aspects of nest building and parental care 933.2.6. Other aspects of reproduction in migrators 1043.3. Feeding and energy transfer 1053.3.1. Alimentary guilds and competition 1053.3.2. Cannibalism 1073.3.3. Feeding behavior 1083.4. Age and growth 1123.5. Intra- and interspecific communication 1183.5.1. Visual functions 1193.5.2. The olfactory functions 1213.5.3. Auditive and mechanoreceptive functions 1233.6. Ecological genetics 1263.6.1. Sedentary species 1263.6.2. Migratory species 1293.6.3. Other structural factors 130Chapter 4. Fisheries and Aquaculture 1374.1. Fishing in lagoons 1384.1.1. Advantages of lagoons for fisheries 1384.1.2. Fishing methods and techniques 1404.1.3. Fisheries production and yield 1524.1.4. Interaction between marine and lagoon fisheries 1614.2. Aquaculture in lagoons 1634.3. Fisheries–aquaculture interactions in the lagoons 166Chapter 5. Anthropization and Climate Change 1695.1. Threats to lagoon and estuarine systems and their ichthyological populations 1695.2. On the need for an integrated approach to lagoon ichthyology 1795.3. Toward a best knowledge of lagoons: the contribution of the Mediterranean “lagoon–estuarine networks” 180Appendix 183Glossary 191References 199Index of Scientific Names and Common Words 257Index by Country: Lagoons, Lakes, Ponds, Delta and Estuaries 263