Finding the Truth with Criminal Investigation

Daniel Reilly is adjunct faculty at George Mason University. Reilly worked for the Federal Bureau of Investigation for thirty years, including as a Special Agent Criminal Investigator. After his retirement from the FBI, Reilly worked as a private consulting analyst with the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) task force operations in the Mid-Atlantic region for ten years. He is the author of Finding the Truth with Criminal Investigations Suspect, Subject, Defendant (2019) and Working the Scene (2008) on crime scene examination. He has taught other law enforcement professionals in the U.S. and worldwide in a variety of fields related to criminal justice. Reilly has served as an expert witness in street gang and bank robbery cases.

• AcknowledgementsPrefacePART I: THE FOUNDATION: JUST WHAT IS DUE PROCESS, WHAT ARE THE SUSPECT’S CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, AND HOW IS PROBABLE CAUSE DEFINED IN THE LAW1. Criminal Investigations, Investigators, and AgenciesDefining What a Criminal Investigation Means: Reactive and ProactiveScope of this BookTypes of InvestigationsInvestigators Defined2. Criminal Code: Criminal Statutes and the Outline of What Needs to be ProvedPositive IdentificationCategories of Violent CrimeA Discussion Defining the Elements of a Crime Chapter Summary3. Constitutional RightsThe Rights of the AccusedLandmark Supreme Court CasesSignificant Supreme Court Cases Affecting the 4th Amendment RightsSummary4. Relationships Between Investigators, Prosecutors, And Forensic Scientists (Teamwork)Reactive Criminal InvestigationsThe SquadPartnersCourt TeamSpecial UnitsSummary5. Victims and WitnessesVictim WitnessesVictim Witnesses in Sexual AssaultVictim Witness Serious ViolenceOther Victim WitnessesEyewitnesses and Fact WitnessesLaw Enforcement ProfessionalsExpert WitnessesSummaryPART II: INVESTIGATIVE STEPS, PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES6. Crime Scene AnalysisClassroom Exercise: A Preliminary Classroom Discussion Exercise in Crime Scene AnalysisCommercial Crime Scenes: Commercial Burglaries, Commercial Armed Robberies and Other Crimes in Business EstablishmentsViolent Crime Scenes: Homicides, Murders, Manslaughter, Rape, Mayhem and Other Crimes of Violence with Serious Bodily HarmRape and Sexual AssaultChild PredatorsSummary7. Probable Cause and Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt Probable CauseProbable Cause ChartArrest ChartBreona Taylor Case StudyAdvancing an Investigation from Probable Cause to Proof Beyond a Reasonable DoubtWitness ConcernsSummary8. Physical Evidence Chain of CustodyFingerprint EvidenceSerological Evidence (Blood, Sweat, Semen, Bodily Fluids)Trace Evidence (Hairs and Fibers)Ballistic Evidence (Guns, Rifles, Bullets, Ammunition, Tool Marks)Toxicology (Drugs, Poisons, Suspicious Substances, that Need to be Qualitatively and Quantitatively Analyzed.)Medical Examiner (Pathologist and Coroner)Documentary Material (Books, Records, Photographs, Digital Information and Data; Pattern Evidence Like Shoe Prints and Tire Treads)Computer AnalysisSummary9. Interviews and Interrogations Interview Techniques: Subject Interrogation and Recalcitrant Witnesses and De-BriefingsInterview Research StudiesAcademic Research on Interrogations and Troubling InterviewsSubject Interviews or InterrogationsUn-Repentant Subject InterviewsControlling the NarrativeSubject Interviews Under Extreme ConditionsInterview and Interrogation TechniquesLocation and NumbersSummary10. Confidential InformantsAdministrative ConcernsInformant ReliabilityWorking InformantsHow to Work a Source11. Advanced Investigative TechniquesCovert SurveillanceTactical SpinDrug InvestigationsWholesale Drug DealersUndercover OperationsTitle III Electronic SurveillanceSummary12. Bringing a Case to CourtInitial AppearancePreliminary HearingGrand Jury HearingPresentment or ArraignmentTimeline or Speedy Trial RequirementsDiscoveryMiscellaneous Evidentiary HearingsGuilty Pleas, Plea Deals, and Dismissal of ChargesNot GuiltyInsanitySummaryPART III: ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS13. Prioritizing InvestigationsPrioritizing Based on Serious Violence Property and Financial Crimes Vice and Morals Investigations Summary14. Investigative PlanThe PlanStep One, Compartment 1: Crimes Against PersonsStep One, Compartment 2: Property Crime InvestigationsStep Two: Detail The Facts Known Cover Leads and Consider Theories about the CrimeStep Two: Crime Against PersonsStep Two: Crimes Against PropertyIntelligenceProbable Cause and SuspectThe Scientific MethodSummary15. PREPARING A CASE FILEInvestigative File CategoriesCase File SecurityLead CoverageSearch WarrantsArrests Summary16. Investigative IntelligenceCrime DataBig DataPatrol SupportCommunity Support ActivistsPrior Case File ReviewsInter-Jurisdictional CooperationSummary17. Tactical ConsiderationsSwatHand to Hand Combat Deadly ForceSearch Warrant RaidsSummary 18. Defense Investigations, Private Investigations, and Non-Sworn Officer InvestigationsPrivate InvestigatorsDefense InvestigatorsSummary19. EpilogueAbout the AuthorGlossaryNotesBibliographyBibliography for Other Significant Studies on Interview Techniques that are Used to Detect DeceptionIndex